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The effect of rotating receiver hole shape on a gas turbine pre-swirl system

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Abstract

The life assessment and the efficiency of turbine cooling blades and vanes are seriously affected by the cooling air delivery system of a gas turbine. The pre-swirl system in a gas turbine plays an important role between the stationary and rotating parts to supply enough cooling air at the appropriate temperature at the expense of pressure drop. In the stationary part, the pre-swirl nozzle creates the flow angle in advance of the rotating orifice, called the receiver hole, to minimize energy loss. However, because of the sudden change of direction and area of the flow path, an energy loss occurs at the inlet of the receiver holes. The circumferential velocity at the receiver hole inlet decreases even though the circumferential velocity at the pre-swirl outlet is equal to the tangential velocity of the turbine rotor system. To reduce the energy loss at the pre-swirl system, various shape parameters can be applied to the receiver hole, and the area ratio between the pre-swirl nozzle throat area and the receiver hole cross-sectional area can also be varied considering the structure problem, mass flow rate, and pressure drop. In this study, the shape of the receiver holes and its effects were analyzed using a 3D CFD method that was validated by previous studies including experimental data. The edge shape, inclined angle, area ratio, and number of receiver holes were analyzed with the discharge coefficient, adiabatic effectiveness, and pressure drop. The pre-swirl system perform-ance increased as the area ratio increased, and under fixed area ratio, a large number of smalldiameter receiver holes showed better performance. The receiver hole edge fillet was the most influential shape parameter in pre-swirl performance.

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Abbreviations

A N :

Pre-swirl nozzle throat area, m2

A R :

Receiver hole cross-sectional area, m2

b :

Outer radius at the cavity, m

C D :

Discharge coefficient at the pre-swirl system

c p :

Specific heat at constant pressure, J/kg-K

d :

Diameter of the receiver hole, m

l :

Length of the receiver hole, m

ṁ :

Mass flow rate, kg/s

n :

Number of receiver holes

R :

Pre-swirl nozzle mean radius, m

r :

Fillet radius, m

W:

Chamfer width, m

P :

Pressure, N/m2

Re ‖ :

Rotational Reynolds number (= Ω·b2/ν1)

T :

Temperature, K

v‖ :

Circumferential velocity, m/s

y + :

Non-dimensional wall distance

α :

Receiver hole inclination angle, degrees

β:

Swirl ratio (= v/flr)

δ:

Relative inlet velocity angle, degrees

Ψ:

Chamfer angle, degrees

i :

Incidence angle, degrees(= δ-a)

λT :

Turbulent flow parameter (= CwRe°-8)

µ:

Coefficient of viscosity, N-s/m2

v:

Kinematic viscosity, m2/s

⊖:

Adiabatic effectiveness

μ:

Angular velocity of rotor, rad/s

0:

Pre-swirl nozzle inlet

1:

Pre-swirl nozzle outlet

2:

Receiver hole inlet

3:

Receiver hole outlet

ax :

Axial component

max :

Maximum value

rel :

Relative frame

s :

Static

t :

Total

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 2013101010170A).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea

    Jungsoo Lee, Hyungyu Lee & Jinsoo Cho

  2. 5th Directorate, 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daegeon, 34186, Korea

    Donghwa Kim

Authors
  1. Jungsoo Lee
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  2. Hyungyu Lee
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  3. Donghwa Kim
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  4. Jinsoo Cho
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Correspondence to Jinsoo Cho.

Additional information

Recommended by Editor Yong Tae Kang

Jungsoo Lee is a Ph.D. student in Mechanical Engineering at Hanyang University in Seoul, Korea. Currently, he is a member in the Applied Aerodynamics Laboratory and majoring in aerodynamics. He has studied the aerodynamic analysis of gas turbine, fans, and flow control.

Jinsoo Cho is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Hanyang University in Seoul, Korea. He is in charge of the Applied Aerodynamics Laboratory. In 1988, he received his Ph.D. from Purdue University, USA. His doctoral research topic was steady/unsteady aerodynamics analysis for the aircraft, the propeller, and the ducted fans. He researches the aerodynamics and turbomachinery.

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Lee, J., Lee, H., Kim, D. et al. The effect of rotating receiver hole shape on a gas turbine pre-swirl system. J Mech Sci Technol 34, 2179–2187 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0439-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0439-2

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