Abstract
This research was performed to study the influence of the 3D printing technique on the thermoelastic effect. Specimens were made by following Standard ASTM D 638 Type 4 for tensile properties of plastics because the method of research was a tensile test using the universal tensile test machine (UTM). In 3D printing, raster angle which was the main factor was studied as factor which can affect to thermoelastic effect; and annealing was also studied because annealing can increase crystallinity and relieve residual stress and then, these can make change on thermoelastic effect. While this research was carried out, mechanical properties simultaneously were measured and it is utilized when fractography was performed using filmed scanning electron microscope (SEM) image. The main method was by filming infrared thermography for detecting temperature change. Using these methods, influence of 3D printing technique on thermoelastic effect was researched.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- C ε :
-
Specific heat at constant strain
- Q :
-
Heat input
- ρ :
-
Mass density
- σ ij :
-
Stress change tensor
- ε ij :
-
Strain change tensor
- E :
-
Young’s modulus
- α :
-
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion
- ν :
-
Poisson’s ratio
- C p :
-
Specific heat at constant pressure
- σ y :
-
Yield strength
- T 0 :
-
Initial temperature
- ΔT :
-
Temperature change
References
X. Wang, M. Jiang, Z. Zhou, J. Gou and D. Hui, 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: A review and prospective, Composites Part B: Engineering, 110 (2017) 442–458.
E. Ivanov, R. Kotsilkova, H. Xia, Y. Chen, R. K. Donato, K. Donato, A. K. Godoy, R. D. Maio, C. Silvestre, S. Cimmino and V. Angelov, PLA/graphene/MWCNT composites with improved electrical and thermal properties suitable for FDM 3D printing applications, Applied Sciences, 9 (6) (2019) 1209.
A. J. Lasprilla, G. A. Martinez, B. H. Lunelli, A. L. Jardini and R. Maciel Filho, Poly-lactic acid synthesis for application in biomedical devices—A review, Biotechnology Advances, 30 (1) (2012) 321–328.
C. Gonçalves, I. Gonçalves, F. Magalhães and A. Pinto, Poly (lactic acid) composites containing carbon-based nanomaterials: A review, Polymers, 9 (7) (2017) 269.
S. H. Ahn, M. Montero, D. Odell, S. Roundy and P. K. Wright, Anisotropic material properties of fused deposition modeling ABS, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 8 (4) (2002) 248–257.
A. R. T. Perez, D. A. Roberson and R. B. Wicker, Fracture surface analysis of 3D-printed tensile specimens of novel ABS-based materials, Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 14 (3) (2014) 343–353.
M. Á. Caminero, J. M. Chacön, E. García-Plaza, P. J. Núñez, J. M. Reverte and J. P. Becar, Additive manufacturing of PLA-based composites using fused filament fabrication: effect of graphene nanoplatelet reinforcement on mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and texture, Polymers, 11 (5) (2019) 799.
M. A. Caminero, I. García-Moreno, G. P. Rodríguez and J. M. Chacön, Internal damage evaluation of composite structures using phased array ultrasonic technique: Impact damage assessment in CFRP and 3D printed reinforced composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 165 (2019) 131–142.
J. J. Laureto and J. M. Pearce, Anisotropic mec hanical property variance between ASTM D638-14 type i and type iv fused filament fabricated specimens, Polymer Testing, 68 (2018) 294–301.
C. Bauwens-Crowet and J. C. Bauwens, Annealing of polycarbonate below the glass transition: Quantitative interpretation of the effect on yield stress and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, Polymer, 23 (11) (1982) 1599–1604.
R. Estevez and S. Basu, On the importance of thermoelastic cooling in the fracture of glassy polymers at high rates, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 45 (11–12) (2008) 3449–3465.
P. Stanley and W. K. Chan, Quantitative stress analysis by means of the thermoelastic effect, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 20 (3) (1985) 129–137.
R. J. Greene, E. A. Patterson and R. E. Rowlands, Thermoelastic stress analysis, Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics, Springer, USA (2008) 743–768.
J. M. Dulieu-Barton and P. Stanley, Development and applications of ther moelastic stress analysis, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 33 (2) (1998) 93–104.
I. W. Gilmour, A. Trainor and R. N. Haward, The thermoelastic effect in glassy polymers, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition, 16 (7) (1978) 1277–1290.
C. Schley and G. F. Smith, Validation of rapid prototyping material for rapid experiment al stress analysis, International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, Texas, USA (1997)
K. N. G. Fuller, P. G. Fox and J. E. Field, The temperature rise at the tip of fast-moving cracks in glassy polymers, Proc. of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, London, UK, 341 (1627) (1975) 537–557.
H. D. Bui, H. Maigre and D. Rittel, A new approach to the experimental determination of the dynamic stress intensity factor, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 29 (23) (1992) 2881–2895.
A. T. Zehnder and A. J. Rosakis, On the temperature distribution at the vicinity of dynamically propagating cracks in 4340 steel, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 39 (3) (1991) 385–415.
H. Maigre and D. Rittel, Mixed-mode quantification for dynamic fracture initiation: Application to the compact compression specimen, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 30 (23) (1993) 3233–3244.
O. Bougaut and D. Rittel, On crack-tip cooling during dynamic crack initiation, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 38 (15) (2001) 2517–2532.
R. Estevez, M. G. A. Tijssens and E. Van der Giessen, Modeling of the competition between shear yielding and crazing in glassy polymers, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 48 (12) (2000) 2585–2617.
R. Steinberger, T. V. Leitão, E. Ladstátter, G. Pinter, W. Billinger and R. W. Lang, Infrared thermographic techniques for non-destructive damage characterization of carbon fibre reinforced polymers during tensile fatigue testing, International Journal of Fatigue, 28 (10) (2006) 1340–1347.
Q. Y. Lu and C. H. Wong, Applications of non-destructive testing techniques for post-process control of additively manufactured parts, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 12 (4) (2017) 301–321.
A. L. Gyekenyesi and G. Y. Baaklini, Thermoelastic stress analysis: A NDE tool for residual stress assessment of metallic alloys, Proc. of ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Munich, Germany (2000).
Y. R. Mayhew and G. F. C. Rodgers, Engineering Thermodynamics: Work and Heat Transfer, Longmans Publishing Company, Harlow, UK (1967).
A. K. Wong, J. G. Sparrow and S. A. Dunn, On the revised theory of the thermoelastic effect, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 49 (4) (1988) 395–400.
Y. Srithep, P. Nealey and L. S. Turng, Effects of annealing time and temperature on the crystallinity and heat resistance behavior of injection-molded poly (lactic acid), Polymer Engineering & Science, 53 (3) (2013) 580–588.
Y. Li, F. Chen, J. Nie and D. Yang, Electrospun poly (lactic acid)/chitosan core-shell structure nanofibers from homogeneous solution, Carbohydrate Polymers, 90 (4) (2012) 1445–1451.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2016-0-00452, Development of creative technology based on complex 3D printing technology for labor, the elderly and the disabled) and grant funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (grants No. NRF-2017M3A9E2063256) and also supported by Inha University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Recommended by Associate Editor Zhuhua Tan
Sang-Lok Park is a student for B.S. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea, from 2013, and enter 3D printing research center in Inha University in 2018. He is currently ungraduated student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University. His research interests are advanced 3D printing techniques, infrared thermography.
Gwang-Wook Hong received his B.S. from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Chosun University, South Korea, in 2013, and M.E. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, South Korea, in 2015. He is currently a Ph.D. student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University. His research interests are advanced 3D printing techniques, infrared thermography, and flexible sensing device for human monitoring.
Jihyun Kim received her B.S. from the Department of Physics, Incheon National University in 1999, M.S. from the Department of Molecular Science and Technology in BK21, Ajou University in 2002, Korea, and the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Southern California, USA, in 2013. From 2014 to 2019, she was a Professional Researcher with LG Electronics, Korea. Currently, she is a Research Professor in INHA IST Research Center in Inha University. Her research interests are Applications of Plasma Science and Technology and Rarefied Gas Dynamics.
Joo-Hyung Kim received the B.S. and M.E. degrees from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea, in 1993 and 1995, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), Stockholm, Sweden, in 2005. From 1995 to 2002, he was a Senior Research Engineer with Daewoo and Samsung SDI central research centers, Korea. From 2006 to 2008, he was a Senior Scientist in the Fraunhofer Institute, Germany, for novel material research in microelectronics. Currently, he is a Professor in Mechanical Engineering in Inha University and Director of the INHA IST Center, 3D Printing Center and GM-PACE Center. His research interests are renewable energy systems, intelligent sensor fabrication, advanced 3D printing, and advanced smart mechanical systems.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, SL., Hong, GW., Kim, J. et al. Influence of fused deposition method 3D printing on thermoelastic effect. J Mech Sci Technol 33, 5235–5241 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-1013-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-1013-7