Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characteristics of High-Pressure Spray of a Gasoline Direct Injection Injector Under Non-Flash Boiling and Flash Boiling Conditions

汽油直喷高压喷雾在非闪沸与闪沸条件下的特性研究

  • Published:
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The increasingly stringent emission regulations and fuel consumption requirements have elevated the demands of internal combustion engines with higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions. It has been widely demonstrated that flash boiling spray can generate shorter and wider spray with improved atomization and evaporation to promote a better air-fuel mixing process. In this study, macroscopic (far-field) spray morphologies and primary breakup (near-field) characteristics of a two-hole gasoline direct injection injector are investigated under non-flash boiling and flash boiling conditions. High speed macroscopic and microscopic imaging was used to capture the overall spray structure and near-field characteristics, respectively. N-Hexane is used as the test fuel with the injection pressure ranging from 10MPa up to 40 MPa. For sub-cooled liquid fuel sprays, increasing fuel pressure contributes to enhanced fuel atomization and evaporation. Evident collapses occurred under flare flash boiling conditions, and higher injection pressure weakened this phenomenon since the spray cone angle decreased due to a higher injection velocity.

摘要

日趋严格的排放法规和燃油消耗要求对内燃机燃油效率和更低排放提出了更高的需求. 大量研究表明, 闪急沸腾雾化可以产生更短、 更宽的喷雾, 具有改善雾化和蒸发的特性, 促进更好的空燃混合过程. 本研究在非闪沸和闪沸条件下, 对两孔汽油直喷喷油器的宏观(远场)喷雾形态和初级破碎(近场)特性进行了研究. 研究采用高速宏观和显微成像技术分别捕捉整体喷雾结构和近场特性, 采用正己烷作为测试燃料, 喷射压力范围从10 MPa到40 MPa. 对于冷态液体燃料喷雾, 增加燃油压力有助于提高燃油雾化和蒸发; 而在闪沸条件下明显发生坍塌, 而较高的喷射压力因喷射速度增加, 导致喷雾锥角减小, 抑制了这一现象发生.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. ZHAO F, LAI M C, HARRINGTON D L. Automotive spark-ignited direct-injection gasoline engines [J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1999, 25(5): 437–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. HOFFMANN G, BEFRUI B, BERNDORFER A, et al. Fuel system pressure increase for enhanced performance of GDi multi-hole injection systems [J]. SAE International Journal of Engines, 2014, 7(1): 519–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. PIOCK W F, BEFRUI B, BERNDORFER A, et al. Fuel pressure and charge motion effects on GDi engine particulate emissions [J]. SAE International Journal of Engines, 2015, 8(2): 464–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. HUSTED H, SPEGAR T D, SPAKOWSKI J. The effects of GDi fuel pressure on fuel economy [C]//SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition. Detroit, Michigan: SAE International, 2014: 2014-01-1438.

    Google Scholar 

  5. YANG S Z, MA Z, LI X S, et al. A review on the experimental non-intrusive investigation of fuel injector phase changing flow [J]. Fuel, 2020, 259: 116188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. LI X S, YANG S Z, LI T Y, et al. Investigations on near-field atomization of flash boiling sprays for gasoline direct injection related applications [J]. Fuel, 2019, 257: 116097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. HWANG J, PARK Y, BAE C, et al. Fuel temperature influence on spray and combustion characteristics in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) under simulated engine operating conditions [J]. Fuel, 2015, 160: 424–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. YANG S Z, LI X S, HUNG D L S, et al. In-nozzle flash boiling flow of multi-component fuel and its effect on near-nozzle spray [J]. Fuel, 2019, 252: 55–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. MOJTABI M, CHADWICK N, WIGLEY G, et al. The effect of flash boiling on breakup and atomisation in GDI sprays [C]//22nd European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Como Lake: ILASS Europe, 2008: ILASS08-6-1.

    Google Scholar 

  10. YANG S Z, LI X S, HUNG D L S, et al. Effect of injection pressure on nozzle internal flow and jet breakup under sub-cooled and flash boiling test conditions [J]. SAE Technical Paper, 2019: 2019-01-0286.

  11. XIAO D, QIU S Y, HUNG D, et al. Evaporation and condensation of flash boiling sprays impinging on a cold surface [J]. Fuel, 2021, 287: 119423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. HE X, LI Y K, LIU C, et al. Characteristics of spray and wall wetting under flash-boiling and non-flashing conditions at varying ambient pressures [J]. Fuel, 2020, 264: 116683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. CHAN Q N, BAO Y M, KOOK S. Effects of injection pressure on the structural transformation of flash-boiling sprays of gasoline and ethanol in a sparkignition direct-injection (SIDI) engine [J]. Fuel, 2014, 130: 228–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. PAYRI R, SALVADOR F J, MARTÍ-ALDARAVÍ P, et al. ECN Spray G external spray visualization and spray collapse description through penetration and morphology analysis [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 112: 304–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. MONTANARO A, ALLOCCA L. Flash boiling evidences of a multi-hole GDI spray under engine conditions by Mie-scattering measurements [J]. SAE Technical Paper, 2015: 2015-01-1945.

  16. ZENG W, XU M, ZHANG M, et al. Macroscopic characteristics for direct-injection multi-hole sprays using dimensionless analysis [J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2012, 40: 81–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. ZHANG G M, HUNG D L S. Temporal investigations of transient fuel spray characteristics from a multi-hole injector using dimensionless analysis [J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2015, 66: 150–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. ZHANG M, XU M, HUNG D L S. Simultaneous two-phase flow measurement of spray mixing process by means of high-speed two-color PIV [J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2014, 25(9): 095204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Automotive Electronic Control Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Sen Wang  (王 森), Hongchang Xu  (徐宏昌), Xuesong Li  (李雪松) & Zhiyuan Yuan  (袁志远)

Authors
  1. Sen Wang  (王 森)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hongchang Xu  (徐宏昌)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xuesong Li  (李雪松)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhiyuan Yuan  (袁志远)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhiyuan Yuan  (袁志远).

Additional information

Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52006140)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, S., Xu, H., Li, X. et al. Characteristics of High-Pressure Spray of a Gasoline Direct Injection Injector Under Non-Flash Boiling and Flash Boiling Conditions. J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Sci.) 29, 230–236 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-022-2480-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-022-2480-z

Key words

关键词

CLC number

Document code

Search

Navigation