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Heterogeneity in the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasmablastic neoplasm: a scoping review

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Abstract

The diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), plasmablastic myeloma (PBM), and plasmablastic neoplasm (PBN) may be arbitrary in some cases because these entities can be indistinct. We conducted this scoping review to investigate heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria used in previous studies and validate the diagnostic results of previous diagnostic algorithms and the algorithm we developed, which also includes diagnosis of PBN. Using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we analyzed literature published between September 2017 and April 2020. We identified a total of 163 cases (128 PBL, 32 PBM, and 3 PBN) from 77 case reports and 8 case series. We found that diagnostic criteria in the literature varied for PBL but were consistent for PBM. Our algorithm was the first attempt to include PBN in a complete structure. The results of the three diagnostic algorithms varied significantly. Hematologists and pathologists should pay more attention to the differential diagnosis of PBL, PBM, and PBN.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 9601295, Japan

    Hirotaka Mori, Masahiko Fukatsu, Hiroshi Ohkawara & Takayuki Ikezoe

  2. Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan

    Yuka Oka

  3. Hospital Care Research Unit, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan

    Yuki Kataoka

  4. Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Yuki Kataoka

  5. Systematic Review Workshop Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan

    Yuki Kataoka & Shunsuke Taito

  6. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan

    Yuki Kataoka

  7. Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan

    Shunsuke Taito

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  1. Hirotaka Mori
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Supplementary Information

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12185_2021_3211_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplemental Figure 1 Our diagnostic algorithm. PBL plasmablastic lymphoma, PBM plasmablastic myeloma, PBN plasmablastic neoplasm, + positive, - negative (TIF 2239 KB)

12185_2021_3211_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplemental Figures 2 Ahn’s diagnostic algorithm. PBL plasmablastic lymphoma, PBM plasmablastic myeloma, myeloma-defining signs of hypercalcemia, renal disease, and anemia, and bone lesions, EBER Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA, + positive, - negative (TIF 2711 KB)

12185_2021_3211_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Supplemental Figures 3 Chen’s diagnostic algorithm. PBL plasmablastic lymphoma, PBM plasmablastic myeloma, BM bone marrow, PC plasma cells, CRAB hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and lytic bone lesions, EBER Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNA, + positive, - negative (TIF 1708 KB)

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Mori, H., Fukatsu, M., Ohkawara, H. et al. Heterogeneity in the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasmablastic neoplasm: a scoping review. Int J Hematol 114, 639–652 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-021-03211-w

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