Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the t(15;17)(q22;q21), which results in the fusion of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene at 15q22 with the retinoic acid alpha-receptor (RARA) at 17q21. We report the case of a 44-year-old man with APL carrying a new complex variant translocation (15;22;17). Karyotypic analysis with G-banding of bone marrow cells revealed t(15;22;17) (q22;q11.2;q21). Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a PML/RARA dual-color DNA probe showed the fusion signals. RT-PCR analysis showed long-form PML/RARA fusion transcripts. A complete remission was attained with a course of conventional chemotherapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). This is the first report of a new three-way translocation of 22q11 involvement with APL.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rowley JD, Golomb HM, Dougherty C. 15/17 translocation, a consistent chromosomal change in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Lancet. 1977;1:549–50. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(77)91415-5.
de The H, Chomienne C, Lanotte M, Degos L, Dejean A. The t(15;17) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia fuses the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene to a novel transcribed locus. Nature. 1990;347:558–61. doi:10.1038/347558a0.
Warrell RP Jr, de The H, Wang ZY, Degos L. Acute promyelocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:177–89. doi:10.1056/NEJM199307153290307.
Borrow J, Goddard AD, Sheer D, Solomon E. Molecular analysis of acute promyelocytic leukemia breakpoint cluster region on chromosome 17. Science. 1990;249:1577–80. doi:10.1126/science.2218500.
Osella P, Wyandt H, Vosburgh E, Milunsky A. Report of a variant t(1;15;17)(p36;q22;q21.1) in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1991;57:201–7. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(91)90153-L.
Ogawa S, Mitani K, Sato Y, et al. Detection of the PML/RAR alpha fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia with a complex translocation involving chromosomes 15, 17, and 18. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1993;69:113–7. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(93)90084-Y.
Park JP, Fairweather RB. Complex t(1;15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia with duplication of RAR alpha and PML sequences. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1996;89:52–6. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(95)00365-7.
Chen Z, Morgan R, Stone JF, Sandberg AA. Identification of complex t(15;17) in APL by FISH. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1994;72:73–4. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(94)90114-7.
Saitoh K, Miura I, Kobayashi Y, et al. A new variant translocation of t(15;17) in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3): t(15;19;17)(q22;p13;q12). Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1998;102:15–8. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(97)00299-9.
Yamamoto K, Hamaguchi H, Nagata K, Kobayashi M, Takashima T, Taniwaki M. A new complex translocation (15;20;17)(q22;p13;q21) in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1998;101:89–94. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(97)00251-3.
Wan TS, Chim CS, So CK, Chan LC, Ma SK. Complex variant 15;17 translocations in acute promyelocytic leukemia. A case report and review of three-way translocations. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1999;111:139–43. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(98)00230-1.
Galieni P, Marotta G, Vessichelli F, et al. Variant t(1;15;17)(q23;q22;q23) in a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 1996;10:1658–61.
Casula L, Archidiacono N, Grazia Pau M, et al. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a variant translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia and involving chromosomes 11, 15 and 17. Leukemia. 1996;10:1655–7.
Calabrese G, Min T, Stuppia L, et al. Complex chromosome translocations of standard t(8;21) and t(15;17) arise from a two-step mechanism as evidenced by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1996;91:40–5. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(96)00096-9.
Acar H, Dundar M, Stewart J. Identification of classic and complex t(15;17) and/or RAR alpha/PML gene fusion in APL by cytogenetic and dual color-FISH techniques. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B. 1997;21:54–60.
Brockman SR, Paternoster SF, Ketterling RP, Dewald GW. New highly sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization method to detect PML/RARA fusion in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2003;145:144–51. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(03)00061-X.
Tirado CA, Golembiewski-Ruiz V, Horvatinovich J, et al. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of an unusual case of acute promyelocytic leukemia with a t(15;17;17)(q22;q23;q21). Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2003;145:31–7. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(03)00027-X.
Eclache V, Benzacken B, Le Roux G, Casassus P, Chomienne C. PML/RAR alpha rearrangement in acute promyelocytic leukaemia with t(1;17) elucidated using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Br J Haematol. 1997;98:440–3. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.2253042.x.
Zaccaria A, Valenti A, Toschi M, et al. Cryptic translocation of PML/RARA on 17q. A rare event in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2002;138:169–73. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(02)00584-8.
Viguie F, Aboura A, Ramond S, et al. Submicroscopic insertion of RARalpha gene into chromosome 15 in two cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2000;119:162–4. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(99)00232-0.
Liu S, Li Q, Pang W, et al. A new complex variant t(4;15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia: fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmation and literature review. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2001;130:33–7. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(01)00464-2.
Fujishima M, Takahashi N, Miura I, et al. A PML/RARA chimeric gene on chromosome 2 in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) associated with a new variant translocation: t(2;15;17)(q21;q22;q21). Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2000;120:80–2. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(99)00238-1.
Eclache V, Viguie F, Frocrain C, et al. A new variant t(6;15;17)(q25;q22;q21) in acute promyelocytic leukemia: fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmation. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2005;159:69–73. doi:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.09.013.
Grimwade D. The pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia: evaluation of the role of molecular diagnosis and monitoring in the management of the disease. Br J Haematol. 1999;106:591–613. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01501.x.
Brunel V, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Alcalay M, Pelicci PG, Birg F. Variant and masked translocations in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 1996;22:221–8. doi:10.3109/10428199609051752.
Bernstein R, Mendelow B, Pinto MR, Morcom G, Bezwoda W. Complex translocations involving chromosomes 15 and 17 in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1980;46:311–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1980.tb05972.x.
Callen DF, Dale BM, Sage RE, Ford JH. A complex translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1985;16:45–8. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(85)90076-7.
Huret JL, Couet D, Guilhot F, Brizard A, Tanzer J. A two-step t(4;der(15)) t(15;17) complex translocation in an acute promyelocytic leukaemia and review of the literature. Leuk Res. 1987;11:761–5. doi:10.1016/0145-2126(87)90014-2.
Berger R, Flandrin G, Bernheim A, et al. Cytogenetic studies on 519 consecutive de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1987;29:9–21. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(87)90026-4.
Bjerrum OW, Philip P, Pressler T, Tygstrup I. Acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17) and t(2;17;15). Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1987;28:107–11. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(87)90359-1.
Yoo SJ, Seo EJ, Lee JH, Seo YH, Park PW, Ahn JY. A complex, four-way variant t(15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2006;167:168–71. doi:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.12.006.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
T. Kato and A. Hangaishi have contributed equally to this work.
About this article
Cite this article
Kato, T., Hangaishi, A., Ichikawa, M. et al. A new three-way variant t(15;22;17)(q22;q11.2;q21) in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Hematol 89, 204–208 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-008-0253-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-008-0253-6