Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), which is usually generated by Fusarium species, is common contamination of corn. ZEN induces estrogen effects and disrupts the reproductive system of humans and animals. Herein, we established a method of quantum dots (QDs) immunochromatographic test strips for the detection of ZEN. In this method, QDs (Q2605, G2701A) and anti-ZEN monoclonal antibodies were conjugated by carbodiimide. The control line and test line of test strips were sprayed with staphylococcal protein A and ZEN-BSA, respectively. The standard curve equation of quantitative detection was y = 0.3958x + 0.3233 (R2 = 0.9914). The limit of detection and 50% comparative inhibition (IC50) were 0.273 ng/mL and 2.792 ng/mL, respectively. The test strips showed a linear range of detection (0.488–15.996 ng/mL). In the intra-assay, recovery ranged from 85.62 to 98.57% and the coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 5.53%. In the inter-assay, it ranged from 84.43 to 100.54% with a CV lower than 8.79%. Briefly, the test strips were established and could be used as a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of ZEN in corn.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Alshannaq A, Yu JH (2017) Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(6):1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060632
Beloglazova NV, Goryacheva IY, Niessner R, Knopp D (2011) A comparison of horseradish peroxidase, gold nanoparticles and qantum dots as labels in non-instrumental gel-based immunoassay. Microchim Acta 175(3–4):361–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0682-4
Cha SH, Kim SH, Bischoff K, Kim HJ, Son SW, Kang HG (2012) Production of a highly group-specific monoclonal antibody against zearalenone and its application in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Vet Sci 13(2):119–125. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2012.13.2.119
Chen XR, Liang Y, Zhang WJ, Leng YK, Xiong YH (2018) A colorimetric immunoassay based on glucose oxidase-induced AuNP aggregation for the detection of fumonisin B-1. Talanta 186:29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.018
Chen Y, Fu QQ, Xie J, Wang H, Tang Y (2019) Development of a high sensitivity quantum dot-based fluorescent quenching lateral flow assay for the detection of zearalenone. Anal Bioanal Chem 411(10):2169–2175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01652-1
Duan H, Huang X, Shao Y, Zheng L, Guo L, Xiong Y (2017) Size-dependent immunochromatographic assay with quantum dot nanobeads for sensitive and quantitative detection of ochratoxin A in corn. Anal Chem 89(13):7062–7068. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00869
Foubert A, Beloglazova NV, De Saeger S (2017) Comparative study of colloidal gold and quantum dots as labels for multiplex screening tests for multi-mycotoxin detection. Anal Chim Acta 955:48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.042
Foubert A, Beloglazova NV, Rajkovic A, Sas B, Madder A, Goryacheva IY, De Saeger S (2016) Bioconjugation of quantum dots: review & impact on future application. Trac-Trend Anal Chem 83:31–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2016.07.008
Gao XH, Chan WCW, Nie SM (2002) Quantum-dot nanocrystals for ultrasensitive biological labeling and multicolor optical encoding. J Biomed Opt 7(4):532–537. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1506706
Gonzalez AG, Herrador MA, Asuero AG (1999) Intra-laboratory testing of method accuracy from recovery assays. Talanta 48(3):729–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(98)00271-9
Guo L, Shao Y, Duan H, Ma W, Leng Y, Huang X, Xiong Y (2019) Magnetic quantum dot nanobead-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for the highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 in dark soy sauce. Anal Chem 91(7):4727–4734. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00223
Huang XL, Aguilar ZP, Xu HY, Lai WH, Xiong YH (2016) Membrane-based lateral flow immunochromatographic strip with nanoparticles as reporters for detection: a review. Biosens Bioelectron 75:166–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.032
Kolosova AY, De Saeger S, Sibanda L, Verheijen R, Van Peteghem C (2007) Development of a colloidal gold-based lateral-flow immunoassay for the rapid simultaneous detection of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Anal Bioanal Chem 389(7–8):2103–2107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1642-z
Krska R, Josephs R (2001) The state-of-the-art in the analysis of estrogenic mycotoxins in cereals. Fresenius J Anal Chem 369(6):469–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160100715
Le T, Zhang ZH, Wu J, Shi HX, Cao XD (2018) A fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test using a quantum dot-antibody probe for rapid and quantitative detection of 1-aminohydantoin in edible animal tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 410(2):565–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0756-1
Li RX, Meng CZ, Wen Y, Fu W, He PL (2019) Fluorometric lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous determination of three mycotoxins (aflatoxin B-1, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol) using quantum dot microbeads. Microchim Acta 186(12):748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3879-6
Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Chang Y, Wang S, Zou R, Zhu G, Shen L, Guo Y (2019) Quantum dots-based immunochromatographic strip for rapid and sensitive detection of acetamiprid in agricultural products. Front Chem 7:76. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00076
Liu Z, Hua Q, Wang J, Liang Z, Li J, Wu J, Shen X, Lei H, Li X (2020) A smartphone-based dual detection mode device integrated with two lateral flow immunoassays for multiplex mycotoxins in cereals. Biosens Bioelectron 158:112178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112178
Luo Y, Liu XJ, Li JK (2018) Updating techniques on controlling mycotoxins - a review. Food Control 89:123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.016
Mahmoudi T, de la Guardia M, Shirdel B, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B (2019) Recent advancements in structural improvements of lateral flow assays towards point-of-care testing. Trac-Trends Anal Chem 116:13–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.016
Massart F, Meucci V, Saggese G, Soldani G (2008) High growth rate of girls with precocious puberty exposed to estrogenic mycotoxins. J Pediatr 152(5):690–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.10.020
Sajid M, Kawde AN, Daud M (2015) Designs, formats and applications of lateral flow assay: a literature review. J Saudi Chem Soc 19(6):689–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2014.09.001
Shao Y, Duan H, Guo L, Leng Y, Lai W, Xiong Y (2018) Quantum dot nanobead-based multiplexed immunochromatographic assay for simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone. Anal Chim Acta 1025:163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.041
Shao Y, Duan H, Zhou S, Ma T, Guo L, Huang X, Xiong Y (2019) Biotin-streptavidin system-mediated ratiometric multiplex immunochromatographic assay for simultaneous and accurate quantification of three mycotoxins. J Agric Food Chem 67(32):9022–9031. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03222
Song F, Chan WC (2011) Principles of conjugating quantum dots to proteins via carbodiimide chemistry. Nanotechnology 22(49):494006. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/49/494006
Sun YN, Xing GX, Yang JF, Wang FY, Deng RG, Zhang GP, Hu XF, Zhang Y (2016) Development of an immunochromatographic test strip for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of ochratoxin A and zearalenone in cereal. J Sci Food Agric 96(11):3673–3678. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7550
Taranova NA, Berlina AN, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2015) ‘Traffic light’ immunochromatographic test based on multicolor quantum dots for the simultaneous detection of several antibiotics in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 63:255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.049
Thongrussamee T, Kuzmina NS, Shim WB, Jiratpong T, Eremin SA, Intrasook J, Chung DH (2008) Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of zearalenone in cereals. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 25(8):997–1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701823159
Ugarte I, Serrano IC, Palomares E, Pacios R (2012) Quantum dots as a light indicator for emitting diodes and biological coding. In. Quantum dots - a variety of new applications, pp 115–134
Wang Q, Jing JY, Wang BT (2019a) Highly sensitive SPR biosensor based on graphene oxide and staphylococcal protein A co-modified TFBG for human IgG detection. Ieee T Instrum Meas 68(9):3350–3357. https://doi.org/10.1109/Tim.2018.2875961
Wang S, Liu Y, Jiao S, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Wang M, Zhu G (2017) Quantum-dot-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of neonicotinoid residues in tea leaves. J Agric Food Chem 65(46):10107–10114. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03981
Wang Y, Xu J, Qiu Y, Li P, Liu B, Yang L, Barnych B, Hammock BD, Zhang C (2019b) Highly specific monoclonal antibody and sensitive quantum dot beads-based fluorescence immunochromatographic test strip for tebuconazole assay in Agricultural products. J Agric Food Chem 67(32):9096–9103. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02832
Wu JK, Ma JW, Wang H, Qin DM, An L, Ma Y, Zheng ZT, Hua XD, Wang TL, Wu XJ (2019) Rapid and visual detection of benzothiostrobin residue in strawberry using quantum dot-based lateral flow test strip. Sensor Actuat B-Chem 283:222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.137
Xu P, Li J, Huang XL, Duan H, Ji YW, Xiong YH (2016) Effect of the tip length of multi-branched AuNFs on the detection performance of immunochromatographic assays. Anal Methods-Uk 8(16):3316–3324. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ay03274a
Xu Y, Ma B, Chen EJ, Yu XP, Ye ZH, Sun CX, Zhang MZ (2021) Dual fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for simultaneous quantitative detection of citrinin and zearalenone in corn samples. Food Chem 336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127713
Zhang DH, Li PW, Zhang Q, Zhang W (2011) Ultrasensitive nanogold probe-based immunochromatographic assay for simultaneous detection of total aflatoxins in peanuts. Biosens Bioelectron 26(6):2877–2882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.11.031
Zhang J, Sun Y, Wu Q, Zhang H, Bai Y, Song D (2013) A protein A modified Au-graphene oxide composite as an enhanced sensing platform for SPR-based immunoassay. Analyst 138(23):7175–7181. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3an01553j
Zhang X, Eremin SA, Wen K, Yu X, Li C, Ke Y, Jiang H, Shen J, Wang Z (2017) Fluorescence polarization immunoassay based on a new monoclonal antibody for the detection of the zearalenone class of mycotoxins in maize. J Agric Food Chem 65(10):2240–2247. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05614
Zhang Z, Hu X, Zhang Q, Li P (2016) Determination for multiple mycotoxins in agricultural products using HPLC-MS/MS via a multiple antibody immunoaffinity column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1021:145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.035
Zhao H, Chen X, Shen C, Qu B (2017) Determination of 16 mycotoxins in vegetable oils using a QuEChERS method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 34(2):255–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2016.1266096
Zhou J, Liu Z, Yang Q, Qian W, Chen Y, Qi Y, Wang A (2021a) Multiple fluorescence immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A. Anal Biochem 628:114288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2021.114288
Zhou J, Yang Q, Liang C, Chen Y, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang A (2021b) Detection of ochratoxin A by quantum dots-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 413(1):183–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02990-1
Funding
This study was supported by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1604501).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design; project management: Aiping Wang; experiment and analysis: Qingbao Yang and Hongliang Liu; writing manuscript: Qingbao Yang, Yankai Liu, and Yumei Chen; revising: Qingbao Yang, Jingming Zhou, Yanhua Qi, and Chao Liang; final approval: all authors.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
All the authors declare that no human participants and animals were involved in this study.
Informed Consent
Informed consent is not applicable.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, Q., Qi, Y., Zhou, J. et al. Development of Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Zearalenone. Food Anal. Methods 15, 2547–2557 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02295-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02295-2