Abstract
A rapid and accurate fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay has been optimized for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat bran and whole-wheat flour. A preliminary treatment with activated charcoal was used to eliminate the strong matrix effect due to highly colored interfering compounds present in raw wheat bran extracts. In particular, matrix effect was removed by adding activated charcoal to the wheat bran extract (3.5 mg/mL) and mixing for 3 min of incubation time prior to the FP immunoassay analysis. No preliminary treatment was necessary for whole-wheat flour. Average recoveries from samples spiked with DON at levels of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 μg/kg were 95 % for wheat bran and 94 % for whole-wheat flour, with relative standard deviation generally lower than 13 %. Limits of quantification of the optimized FP immunoassay were 120 μg/kg for both matrices. The overall time of analysis was lower than 15 min for wheat bran and 10 min for whole-wheat flour. Good correlations (r > 0.971) were observed between DON contents obtained by both FP immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography with immunoaffinity cleanup for 37 and 23 samples of naturally contaminated wheat bran and whole-wheat flour, respectively. These results show that the FP immunoassay is suitable for high-throughput screening as well as for quantitative determination of DON in wheat bran and whole-wheat flour.
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Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, MIUR (PON 2007–2013, D.D. 427/Ric., 19 July 2012), project 02_00186_3417512 “S.I.Mi.S.A.”. The authors would like to thank Giuseppe Panzarini (ISPA-CNR) and Sandro Zanardi (Barilla Food Research Labs) for their technical help in the HPLC analysis and preparation of samples.
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Conflict of Interest
Stefania Valenzano declares that she has no conflict of interest. Vincenzo Lippolis declares that he has no conflict of interest. Michelangelo Pascale declares that he has no conflict of interest. Agostino De Marco declares that he has no conflict of interest. Chris M. Maragos declares that he has no conflict of interest. Michele Suman declares that he has no conflict of interest. Angelo Visconti declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.
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Valenzano, S., Lippolis, V., Pascale, M. et al. Determination of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat Bran and Whole-Wheat Flour by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay. Food Anal. Methods 7, 806–813 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9684-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9684-7