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Fumaric Acid Production by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™ from Lignocellulosic Syrup

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Abstract

Powdered activated carbon-treated lignocellulosic syrup prepared from energy cane bagasse was evaluated as a potential feedstock in the production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™. Energy cane bagasse was pretreated with dilute ammonia and enzymatically hydrolyzed with commercially available enzymes, Cellic® CTec2 and HTec2. The collected hydrolysate samples were subjected to powdered activated carbon adsorption for the removal of non-sugar compounds (i.e., organic acids, furaldehydes, total phenolic compounds) and concentrated to a final 65°Bx syrup (mostly xylose and glucose sugars). The use of lignocellulosic syrup, the effect of nitrogen source, medium additives, and initial pH in the seed culture medium on fungal morphology were investigated. The carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the acid production medium was also optimized for maximum yields in fumaric acid production. Optimum seed culture medium conditions (2.0 g/L urea, 3.0 pH) produced the desired compact, smooth, and uniform fungal pellets. Optimum acid production medium conditions (400 C/N ratio, 0.2 g/L urea) resulted in a fumaric acid production of 34.20 g/L, with a yield of 0.43 g/g and a productivity of 0.24 g/L/h. These results were comparable to those observed with the control medium (pure glucose and xylose). The present study demonstrated that lignocellulosic syrup processed from dilute ammonia pretreated energy cane bagasse has potential as a renewable carbon source for fumaric acid fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ms. Chardcie Verret from the Audubon Sugar Institute at Louisiana State University Agricultural Center for her analytical support. USDA-NIFA Award No.: 2011-69005-30515z.

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  1. Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, St. Gabriel, LA, 70776, USA

    Fang Deng & Giovanna M. Aita

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  1. Fang Deng
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Correspondence to Giovanna M. Aita.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Fig. A1

Morphologies of Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™ cells grown under different seed culture media conditions (nitrogen source and medium pH). (a) urea at pH 3.0, (b) yeast extract at pH 3.0, (c) urea at pH 4.0, (d) yeast extract at 4.0, (e) urea at pH 5.0, and (f) yeast extract at 5.0. (GIF 1088 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 1813 kb).

Fig. A2

Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™ cells grown on seed culture medium containing lignocellulosic syrup as the carbon source. (JPEG 310 kb)

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Deng, F., Aita, G.M. Fumaric Acid Production by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™ from Lignocellulosic Syrup. Bioenerg. Res. 11, 330–340 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9899-y

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