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Do caregivers' perceived constraints influence children's outdoor play in urban public spaces in China? An empirical study based on the leisure constraint theory

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Abstract

Literature studies have found that caregivers play a vital role in children’s outdoor play activities. In view of the limitations and the low level of outdoor play (OP) of children in Chinese cities, the present study attempted to reveal the constraints of caregivers on children's OP based on the leisure constraints theory. Through two on-site questionnaire surveys distributed in Hefei, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to explore the constraint dimensions of caregivers on children's outdoor play (COP) and to test the adaptability of each in the leisure constraints theory. The study also evaluated the moderating effect of demographic, behavioral and preference variables in using public open spaces on these constraint dimensions. Results showed that: (1) There was a four-dimensional leisure constraint structure for caregivers’ constraints on COP, namely “intra-personal,” “inter-personal,” “structure” and “safety;” (2) Demographics (e.g. age of caregiver, relationship with children, family structure, career, monthly income, etc.), behavioral and preference (e.g. type of site, ways of travel, frequency of visit, etc.) variables of the respondents showed significant differences in these four constraint dimensions.

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Major research projects at the key research base of humanities and social science research on universities in Anhui Province (Grant number: SK2021ZD0009); Anhui Provincial Social Science Innovation and Development Research Project (Grant number: 2021CX111).

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  1. Department of Design, College of Art, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China

    Hong Chen, Jinsong Wang, Wenyi Sun, Yuting Wang & Yanting Zeng

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Chen, H., Wang, J., Sun, W. et al. Do caregivers' perceived constraints influence children's outdoor play in urban public spaces in China? An empirical study based on the leisure constraint theory. Curr Psychol 43, 15227–15242 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05456-6

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