Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Intercultural Relations Among Cape Verdean Immigrants Living in Portugal

  • Published:
Journal of International Migration and Integration Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study examines intercultural relations among Cape Verdean immigrants living in Portugal. Seven specific predictions based on three general hypotheses (multiculturalism hypothesis, contact hypothesis and integration hypothesis) were tested. The sample of this research consisted of 283 Cape Verdean migrants (51% females) with an average of 35 years. The average duration of residence in Portugal was 18 years. In line with the multiculturalism hypothesis, cultural security was positively related to integration, tolerance and cultural identity. The contact hypothesis was also supported, as intercultural contact was related to positive intergroup attitudes. Regarding the integration hypothesis, psychological adaptation and intercultural adaptation were predicted by integration, whilst sociocultural adaptation was only predicted by marginalisation. Thus, the integration hypothesis was partially supported for Cape Verdean immigrants living in Portugal. Findings are discussed considering the existing literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abu-Rayya, H. M., & Sam, D. L. (2016). Is integration the best way to acculturate? A reexamination of the bicultural-adaptation relationship in the “ICSEY data set” using the bilinear method. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48, 287–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arenas, F. (2015). Migrations and the size of African Lisbon: time space of Portuguese (post)coloniality. Postcolonial Studies, 18, 353–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banting, K., & Kymlicka, W. (2013). Is there really a retreat from multiculturalism policies? New evidence from the multiculturalism policy índex. Comparative European Politics, 11, 577–598.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batalha, L. (2004a). The Cape Verdean diaspora in Portugal: colonial subjects in a postcolonial world. Lanham: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batalha, L. (2004b). Contra a corrente dominante: Histórias de sucesso entre cabo-verdianos da segunda geração. Etnográfica, 8, 297–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batalha, L. (2008). Cape Verdeans in Portugal. In L. Batalha & J. Carling (Eds.), Transnational archipelago: perspectives on Cape Verdean migration and diaspora (pp. 61–72). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., & Sabatier, C. (2010). Acculturation, discrimination, and adaptation among second generation immigrant youth in Montreal and Paris. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 191–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. E., & Ward, C. (2016). Multiculturalism. In D. Sam & J. W. Berry (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (second ed., pp. 441–463). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Applied Psychology. An International Review, 46, 5–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (2006). Mutual attitudes among immigrants and ethnocultuaal groups in Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 719–734.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (2013). Research on multiculturalism in Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 663–675.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (2015). Intercultural adaptation to acculturation. Paper presented at Annual Conference, Canadian Psychological Association, Ottawa, June.

  • Berry, J. W. (2017). Mutual intercultural relations in plural societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., & Kalin, R. (1995). Multicultural and ethnic attitudes in Canada: an overview of the 1991 national survey. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 27, 301–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (Eds.). (2006). Immigrant youth in cultural transition: acculturation, identity and adaptation across national contexts. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., Kalin, & Taylor, D. (1977). Multiculturalism and ethnic attitudes in Canada. Ottawa: Supply & Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., Power, S., Young, M., & Bujaki, M. (1989). Acculturation attitudes in plural societies. Applied Psychology. An International Review, 38, 185–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C. M., Gibbons, J. L., & Hughes, H. M. (2013). Acculturation clusters and life satisfaction. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 3, 1108–1121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Challinor, E. (2008). Home and overseas: the Janus face of Cape Verdean identity. Diaspora, 17, 84–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. R., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, L. E. (1997). Cabo Verde: Educar para a diversidade. Lisboa: Universidade Aberta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fikes, K. (2009). Managing African Portugal: the citizen-migrant distinction. London: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • França, L. (Ed.). (1992). A comunidade cabo-verdiana em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gieling, M., Thijs, J., & Verkuyten, M. (2014). Dutch adolescents’ tolerance of Muslim immigrants: the role of assimilation ideology, intergroup contact, and national identification. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44, 155–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haeni Hoti, A., Heinzmann, S., Müller, M., & Buholzer, A. (2017). Psychosocial adaptation and school success of Italian, Portuguese and Albanian students in Switzerland: disentangling migration background, acculturation and school context. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 18, 85–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hui, B., Chen, S., Leung, C., & Berry, J. W. (2015). Facilitating adaptation and intercultural contact: the role of integration and multicultural ideology in dominant and non-dominant groups. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 45, 70–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • INE. (2012). A população estrangeira em Porugal- 2011. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasinskaja-Lahati, I., Horencjyk, G., & Kimunen, T. (2011). Time and context in the relationship between acculturation attitudes and adaptation among Russia-speaking immigrants in Finland and Israel. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37, 1423–1440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebedeva, N., Tatarko, A., & Berry, J. W. (2016). Intercultural relations among migrants from Caucasus and Russians in Moscow. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 52, 27–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lonner, W. J., & Berry, J. W. (1986). Sampling and surveying. In W. J. Lonner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 85–110). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malheiros, J., & Horta, A. P. (2008). Citizenship and integration policies in Portugal: an overview of recent immigration to Portugal. Canadian Diversity, 6, 107–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • MIPEX (2015). Immigrant integration policy. Key findings. Retrieved from http://www.mipex.eu/key-findings

  • Neto, F. (1993). Satisfaction with Life Scale: psychometric properties in an adolescent sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22, 125–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (1995). Predictors of satisfaction with life among second generation immigrants. Social Indictors Research, 35, 93–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (1996). Correlates of social blushing. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 365–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (2002). Acculturation strategies among adolescents from immigrant families in Portugal. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, 17–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (2006). Psycho-social predictors of perceived discrimination among adolescents of immigrant background: a Portuguese study. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32, 89–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (2009a). Predictors of mental health among adolescents from immigrant families in Portugal. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 375–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (2009b). Are attitudes of young Portuguese towards immigration also hardening? A comparison between 1999 and 2006. In A. G. e. K. Mylonas (Ed.), Quod erat demonstrandum: From Herodotus’ ethnographioc journeys to cross-cultural research (pp. 255–264). Athens: Pedio Books Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (2010). Portugal intercultural: Aculturação e adaptação de jovens de origem imigrante. Porto: Livpsic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (2012). Re-acculturation and adaptation among adolescents from returned Portuguese immigrant families. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 133–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F., & Fonseca, A. C. (2016). The satisfaction with migration life scale. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 54, 47–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F., Pinto, M. C., & Mullet, E. (2019). Can music reduce national prejudice? A test of a cross-cultural musical education programme. Psychology of Music, on-line advance of print publication https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618774867

  • Neto, F., Pinto, M., & Mullet, E. (2016). Can music reduce anti-dark-skin prejudice? A test of a cross-cultural musical education programme. Psychology of Music, 44(3), 388–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F., & Wilks, D. (2017). Predictors of psychological adaptation of Cape Verdean students in Portugal. Journal of College Student Development, 58, 1087–1100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, A. M., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2013). Biculturalilsm and adjustment: a meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 122–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettigrew, T. F. (2008). Future directions for intergroup contact theory and research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 187–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751–783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: a new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(2), 156–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. (2003). Ethnic identity and acculturation. In K. M. Chun, P. B. Organista, & G. Marín (Eds.), Acculturation: advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 63–81). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S., Horencjyk, G., Liebkind, K., & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: an interactional perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 493–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapp, C., & Freitag, M. (2015). Teaching tolerance? Associational diversity and tolerance formation. Political Studies, 63, 1031–1051.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resende-Santos, J. (2015). Cape Verde: rethinking diaspora in development policy. International Migration, 54, 82–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sequeira Neto, J. (2014). Cultural competence among Ukrainian economic immigrants living in Portugal. Unpublished master dissertation. Faculdade de Economia: Universidade do Porto.

  • Vigdor, J. L. (2011). Comparing immigrant assimilation inn North America and Europe. Civic report. https://www.manhattan-institute.org/ Accessed 16.05.2016.

  • Voci, A., & Hewstone, M. (2003). Intergroup contact and prejudice toward immigrants in Italy: the mediational role of anxiety and the moderation role of group salience. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6, 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C., & Geeraert, N. (2016). Advancing acculturation theory and research: the acculturation process in its ecological context. Current Opinion in Psychology, 8, 98–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1999). The measurement of sociocultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23, 659–677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C., & Masgoret, A. M. (2008). Attitudes toward immigrants, immigration, and multiculturalism in New Zealand: a social psychological analysis. International Migration Review, 42, 222–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C., Bochner, S., & Furnham, A. (2001). The psychology of culture shock (2nd ed.). Hove: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilks, D., & Neto, F. (2016). Exploring the adaptation experiences of Cape Verdean students in Portugal. International Journal of Educational Research, 76, 66–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, S., Page-Gould, E., Aron, A., Moyer, A., & Hewstone, M. (2019). The extended contact hypothesis: a meta-analysis on 20 years of research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23, 132-160.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal

    Félix Neto

Authors
  1. Félix Neto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Félix Neto.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Neto, F. Intercultural Relations Among Cape Verdean Immigrants Living in Portugal. Int. Migration & Integration 21, 765–780 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-019-00679-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-019-00679-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation