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Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Metabolic Complications in Children with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Indian Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in children with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and in controls. Also, to compare body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, skin-fold thickness (SFT), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), lipid profile, blood pressure, lipodystrophy syndrome (LDS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with HIV and in controls and to determine association between lipid profile, LDS, liver amino-transferases, NAFLD, BMI, body fat percentage, SFT, WHtR and CIMT.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was done in 7 to 12 y old children attending the ART clinic and receiving ART for ≥6 mo according to 2018 National Aids Control Organization (NACO) guidelines. Thirty age and gender matched controls were enrolled from the pediatrics OPD. Weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, skin fold thickness and blood pressure were recorded. Lipid profile, liver amino-transferases, USG abdomen and CIMT were done with prior appointment.

Results

The present study had 43% females and 57% males (mean age of 9.33 ± 1.65 y). All cases were on combination ART (mean treatment duration: 59.1 mo). CIMT was significantly increased in cases as compared to controls 0.481 ± 0.087 mm vs. 0.418 ± 0.072 mm (p = 0.003). However, CIMT did not correlate with any other parameter. Cases had significantly higher body fat percentage (17% vs. 13.15%), systolic blood pressure (SBP), SFT, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) as compared to controls. NAFLD was seen in 3 cases (1%), lipohypertrophy in 7 (23%) cases and 5 (16%) controls.

Conclusions

Children with HIV on ART have significantly higher CIMT and increased metabolic abnormalities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & Associated Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Room No.611, 6th Floor MCH Block, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095, India

    Koyel Mukhuty, Deepika Harit & Sunil Gomber

  2. Department of Radiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Associated Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India

    Vinita Rathi

Authors
  1. Koyel Mukhuty
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  2. Deepika Harit
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  3. Sunil Gomber
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  4. Vinita Rathi
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Contributions

KM: manuscript preparation, study sample collection and analysis of data; DH: study design and analysis and discussion of results; SG: analysis and discussion of results; VR: radiological evaluation of patients. DH will act as guarantor for this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Deepika Harit.

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Mukhuty, K., Harit, D., Gomber, S. et al. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Metabolic Complications in Children with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Pediatr (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-023-04950-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-023-04950-w

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