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Biochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Protective Effects of Three Fermented Plants Beverages on Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice

  • ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
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Abstract

Functional beverages play an essential role in our modern life and contribute to nutritional well-being. Current efforts to understand and develop functional beverages to promote health and wellness have been enhanced. The present study aimed to investigate the production of three fermented plants beverages (FPBs) from aromatic and medicinal plants and to evaluate the fermented product in terms of physio-biochemical composition, the aromatic compounds, antioxidant activity, and in vivo protective effects on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The results showed that the fermented beverage NurtBio B had the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins; 242.3 ± 12.4 µg GAE/mL, 106.4 ± 7.3 µg RE/mL and 94.2 ± 5.1 µg CE/mL, respectively. The aromatic profiles of the fermented beverages showed thirty-one interesting volatile compounds detected by GC–MS headspace analyses such as benzaldehyde, Eucalyptol, Fenchone, 3-Octadecyne, Estragole, and Benzene propanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester. In addition, the fermentation process was significantly improved, indicating its great potential as a functional food with both strong antioxidant activity and good flavor. In vivo administration of CCl4 in mice induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity by a significant rise in the levels of serum liver and kidney biomarkers. The protective effects of the FPBs showed that they significantly restored the majority of these biological parameters to normal levels, along with increase antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as an improvement of histopathological changes, suggesting their protective effects.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and all related data and information are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Honorable Vice Institute of Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia. This study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Tunisia, Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology (LR15CBBC06) at the Ecopark of Borj-cédria. BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif. Tunisia.Authors are very grateful to Dr. Saito Ari Directo: Sanko Sangyo Co., Okinawa, Japan for kindly providing saion-EM inocula.

Funding

This study was supported by University of Tunis EL Manar, and Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology (LR15CBBC06) of Borj-cédria. BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif. Tunisia and Experimental Commodities and Animal Care Service: Institute of Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunis, Tunisia

    Hamza Gadhoumi

  2. Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia

    Hamza Gadhoumi, Zohra Dhouafli, Walid Yeddes, Raja serairi beji, Moufida Saidani Tounsi & El Akrem Hayouni

  3. Experimental Commodities and Animal Care Service, Institute of Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia

    Khaled Miled, Mounir Trifi & Abdelhamid Chirchi

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  1. Hamza Gadhoumi
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Contributions

H. G conceptualization methodology, performed the majority of the experiments and revised the original manuscript. Z.D. assisted with data analysis and write the original manuscript, W.Y. validation, data curation. R. S. designed the study and performed the experiments. K. M. performed the animal experiment, M. T. performed the statistical data analyses, A. C. contributed to the design and analysed the manuscript, M. S. T. contributed to drafting the manuscript, validation, data curation, visualization, E.A.H contributed to drafting the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the submitted manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hamza Gadhoumi.

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This study obtained the ethical approval from the Bio-Medical Ethics Committee of the Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia 2019/2/I/ LR16IPT09/V2.

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Gadhoumi, H., Dhouafli, Z., Yeddes, W. et al. Biochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Protective Effects of Three Fermented Plants Beverages on Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice. Indian J Microbiol 64, 229–243 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-023-01172-8

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