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A comparative study of IP-based and ICN-based link-state routing protocols in LEO satellite networks

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Abstract

The low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations exhibit dynamic network topology due to the intermittent inter-satellite links (ISLs). To ensure efficient data delivery in LEO satellite networks, it is crucial to find an appropriate routing protocol that is capable of accommodating the dynamic topology. In this paper, we consider two typical IP-based and ICN-based link-state routing protocols (i.e., OSPF and NLSR, respectively) and investigate the adaptability in LEO satellite networks. Specifically, we first analyze and compare their advantages and disadvantages in LEO satellite networks from the perspectives of link state detection, link state synchronization, and packet forwarding scheme. To verify our analysis, we conduct extensive packet-level experiments on OMNeT++. Our analysis and simulation unveil several critical insights. First, IP-based OSPF (following push-based communication) outperforms the ICN-based NLSR (following pull-based communication) in terms of the routing convergence and control overhead in satellite networks. Specifically, OSPF converges faster than NLSR up to 90.8% and yields less control overhead under the Iridium constellation. Second, the ICN-based NLSR (supporting Interest aggregation and in-network caching) outperforms the IP-based OSPF in terms of the packet delivery performance, especially under the content-sharing traffic pattern (up to 206%). However, the occasional ISL failure significantly reduces the content delivery performance of NLSR under the point-to-point traffic pattern. To sum up, our study unveils the necessity of properly integrating IP-based and ICN-based link-state routing paradigms in LEO satellite networks.

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Data availability

Data available on request from the authors.

Notes

  1. https://github.com/named-data/NLSR/blob/master/nlsr.conf

  2. For example, the case of U8P1 corresponds to eight users who request content from a single provider.

  3. https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/cisco-ios-cookbook/0596527225/ch08s18.html

  4. https://github.com/named-data/NLSR/blob/master/nlsr.conf

  5. The control overhead is measured based on the total traffic (in MB) of the generated control messages.

  6. The failed link recovers after a short period (i.e., five seconds).

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Acknowledgements

We thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments that improved the paper. Part of the results was presented in ICENAT 2022 [38],

Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Key R &D Program of China under Grant 2022YFB4501000, in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62225201, 62202021, and 62271019, in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China, in part by State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment under Grant SKLSDE-2022ZX-18. This work is also supported by Science and Technology on Complex Electronic System Simulation Laboratory under Grant DXZT-JC-ZZ-2016-008 and Grant DXZT-JC-ZZ-2020-014.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China

    Fei Yan, Hongbin Luo, Shan Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang & Peng Lian

  2. State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China

    Hongbin Luo & Shan Zhang

  3. Zhongguancun Laboratory, Cuihu Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China

    Hongbin Luo, Shan Zhang & Zhiyuan Wang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China

    Zhiyuan Wang

Authors
  1. Fei Yan
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  2. Hongbin Luo
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  3. Shan Zhang
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the adaptability analysis. Fei Yan and Zhiyuan Wang wrote the main part of the manuscript, while Peng Lian provided the support for performance evaluation. Hongbin Luo and Shan Zhang provided critical feedback and reviewed the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript. Shan Zhang is the corresponding author.

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Correspondence to Shan Zhang.

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Yan, F., Luo, H., Zhang, S. et al. A comparative study of IP-based and ICN-based link-state routing protocols in LEO satellite networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 16, 3032–3046 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-023-01548-z

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