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Heating requirements in greenhouse farming in southern Italy: evaluation of ground-source heat pump utilization compared to traditional heating systems

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Abstract

Greenhouse farming, where energy consumptions are mainly related to the greenhouses heating, is one of the sectors consuming the most energy in the agricultural industry. High costs and the uncertain availability of fossil fuels constrain the use of heating applications. Among possible solutions, the utilization of renewable heating systems such as geothermal energy through ground-source heat pump systems (GSHPs) at competitive prices has to be taken in consideration. The competitiveness of these systems depends mainly on the characteristics of the end-users, i.e., the annual heating loads. Few studies focusing on the potential of using these systems start with an analysis of the thermal requirements and end with a cost evaluation in tune with local assets, geo-climatic conditions, and landscape protection. This paper analyzes the greenhouse crop industry in the Apulia region in southern Italy, as a potential end-user of GSHP systems. Data collected from an area mainly devoted to greenhouse crop production have been used to (a) describe greenhouse farms, (b) define the heating requirements of a greenhouse model representative of the most used typology in the investigated area, and (c) examine the economic viability of greenhouse heating with GSHP systems. Both vertical and horizontal ground heat exchanger (GHE) configurations are compared with conventional fossil-fuel heating systems. In all scenarios considered, the observed payback periods appear reasonable and worthy of consideration. The results suggest that these technologies can fully satisfy the winter heating requirements in a cost-effective way and they can support the planning of measures aimed to improve the sector competitiveness.

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Notes

  1. Apulian Regional Consortia for Plant Protection (ASSOCODIPUGLIA) established by Regional Law no. 24 11 May 1990 combines the Consortia of defense of the five provinces of Apulia, legally constituted and recognized in accordance with the national and regional laws. The association provides technical support in the agricultural field, carrying out essential activities for sustainable agricultural management, as well as representation and coordination activities, supporting and protecting its members at regional, national, and European level.

Abbreviations

A c :

Total area of the cover [m2]

A b :

Greenhouse floor area [m2]

ρ α :

Air density [kg/m3]

C p :

Air specific heat capacity [kJ/kg °C]

I :

Solar radiation on the horizontal surface [W/m2]

N αc :

Estimated number of air change per hour [1/h]

Q sys :

Total heat power to ensure the desired inside temperature of the greenhouse [W]

Q k :

Heat loss from the greenhouse [W]

Q s :

Solar radiation inside the greenhouse [W]

Q cci :

Heat loss through the cover material [W]

Q i :

Heat loss for infiltration [W]

T i :

Inside greenhouse temperature [°C]

T e :

Outside greenhouse temperature [°C]

V :

Greenhouse volume [m3]

τ :

Transmissivity of the greenhouse cover

K r :

Overall heat transmission coefficient in the greenhouse [W/m2 °C]

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Acknowledgments

We thank ASSOCODIPUGLIA and, in particular, its provincial department CODILE staff for their support in the organization of the farm and for the questionnaire administration.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNR-IRSA, National Research Council, Water Research Institute, V.le F. De Blasio, 5, 70125, Bari, Italy

    Stefania D’Arpa, Delia Evelina Bruno & Vito Uricchio

  2. Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, Lecce, Italy

    Gianpiero Colangelo & Giuseppe Starace

  3. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy

    Irene Petrosillo & Giovanni Zurlini

Authors
  1. Stefania D’Arpa
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  2. Gianpiero Colangelo
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  3. Giuseppe Starace
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  4. Irene Petrosillo
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  5. Delia Evelina Bruno
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  6. Vito Uricchio
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  7. Giovanni Zurlini
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefania D’Arpa.

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D’Arpa, S., Colangelo, G., Starace, G. et al. Heating requirements in greenhouse farming in southern Italy: evaluation of ground-source heat pump utilization compared to traditional heating systems. Energy Efficiency 9, 1065–1085 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9410-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9410-y

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