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Genetics of obesity and its measures in India

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Abstract

Obesity is one of the largest global health problems associated with increased morbidity and mortality mediated by its association with several other metabolic disorders. The interaction between the genes and environment plays an important role in the manifestation of obesity. Despite a high heritability (40–70%) of obesity, the search for genetic variants associated with obesity susceptibility has been a challenging task. To date, limited studies have been conducted in India, restricted to the validation of few genetic variants identified by genomewide association studies. In this critical review, we sought to examine the current knowledge of genetic basis of obesity and its measures in the Indian population. A comprehensive literature search was performed using ‘PubMed’, ‘Medline’ and ‘IndMed’ databases to search for citations published until 31st May 2017, using the key terms as ‘Genetics’ AND ‘obesity’ AND ‘India’. We identified 48 potential studies which fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The findings indicated that FTO, MC4R, TNF-\(\alpha \), PPAR-\(\gamma \), UCP1, UCP2, LPL, LEPR, AMD1, IL6, APOE, ADIPOQ, DOK5, INSIG2, PBEF1, IL6R, Myostatin, CXCR4, HHEX, IRX3, POMC, NGN3, FOXA2, MTR, TCN and CHDH are some of the important genes studied among the Indian population. Importantly, the role of sexual dimorphism in the genetic regulation of obesity and body fat distribution was also reported in a few studies. Further, seven biological pathways have been identified that contribute to obesity pathogenesis in India. In conclusion, further exploration of pathway-based research on genetics of obesity can be useful for better understanding the pathophysiology of obesity in India.

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Acknowledgement

We acknowledge the Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/YS/LS-173/2014) for their financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi , 110 007, India

    Simmi Saini, Mohinder Pal Sachdeva & Vipin Gupta

  2. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram , 122 002, India

    Gagandeep Kaur Walia

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  1. Simmi Saini
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  2. Gagandeep Kaur Walia
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  3. Mohinder Pal Sachdeva
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  4. Vipin Gupta
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Correspondence to Vipin Gupta.

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Corresponding editor: Shantanu Sengupta

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Saini, S., Walia, G.K., Sachdeva, M.P. et al. Genetics of obesity and its measures in India. J Genet 97, 1047–1071 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-018-0987-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-018-0987-8

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