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Source and depositional conditions of early Palaeogene coal-bearing sediments, Meghalaya, Eastern India

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Abstract

The early Palaeogene coals of Meghalaya represent the primitive rainforest elements that evolved in eastern India and one of the principal source rocks of the Assam Basin. Yet, a comprehensive palynological study and information about the source, depositional environment, diagenetic and thermal alterations of biomolecules in terrestrial lipids are largely lacking. This study investigates the palynology, mineralogy, hydrocarbon potential, biomarker compositions, and stable carbon isotopes from early Palaeogene coal-bearing sediments from the Tura Formation, Meghalaya. Terrestrial elements that formed these coals were mainly derived from the Bombacaceae and Arecaceae families of angiosperms, Araucariaceae family of gymnosperms and pteridophytes of Osmundaceae and Schizaeaceae families, revealed by palynological and biomarker records. The thermal maturity of the coals ranges from the late diagenetic to the early catagenetic stage. The transformation of higher plant triterpenoids from parent lipid macromolecules is attributed to early diagenetic microbial changes in terrestrial environments and subsequent coalification. The palynofloras, carbon stable isotope and XRD results indicate that the Tura Formation was deposited in a marginal marine environment within tropical–subtropical latitudes, in humid and warm climatic conditions during the late Palaeocene–early Eocene.

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Acknowledgements

The author (YRS) acknowledge the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India (Grant No. EEQ/2016/000062), and Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi (INSA/SP/VS-27/2017-2018/518) for providing fund to carry out this research work. We are also grateful to the ONGC, Dehra Dun, India, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, and Pittsburgh University, USA, for allowing us to carry out Rock–Eval Pyrolysis and stable isotope data for this research. We also are thankful to M Sapana Devi, T Nganthoi Chanu, Mr W Ajoykumar Singh and Dr G K Trivedi (Retd. Scientist, BSIP) for help during sample analysis and identification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Manipur University, Manipur, 795 003, India

    Sh Priyokumar Singh, Y Raghumani Singh, N Reshma Devi & A Bijayalaxmi Devi

  2. Department of Geosciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Arka Rudra

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400 076, India

    Suryendu Dutta

  4. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226 007, India

    Gyanendra K Trivedi

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  1. Sh Priyokumar Singh
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Contributions

Sh Priyokumar Singh collected samples, conducted a literature review, prepared palynological slides and prepared the manuscript. Prof. Y Raghumani Singh collected samples, identified palynological assemblages, and prepared and revised the manuscript. Dr Arka Rudra and Prof. Suryendu Dutta participated in the result interpretation of the biomarker, revised it, and provided inputs for improvement. N Reshma Devi and A Bijayalaxmi Devi supported the chemical analysis and preparation of slides. Dr Trivedi also helped with the revision of this manuscript and identification of palynomorphs.

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Correspondence to Y Raghumani Singh.

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Communicated by Joydip Mukhopadhyay

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Singh, S.P., Rudra, A., Singh, Y.R. et al. Source and depositional conditions of early Palaeogene coal-bearing sediments, Meghalaya, Eastern India. J Earth Syst Sci 132, 184 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02198-8

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