Abstract
For the limitation of the conventional multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART), a constrained MART (CMART) is proposed in this paper. In the new tomographic algorithm, a popular two-dimensional multi-point finite difference approximation of the second order Laplacian operator is used to smooth the electron density field. The feasibility and superiority of the new method are demonstrated by using the numerical simulation experiment. Finally, the CMART is used to reconstruct the regional electron density field by using the actual GNSS data under geomagnetic quiet and disturbed days. The available ionosonde data from Beijing station further validates the superiority of the new method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Austen J R, Franke S J and Liu C H 1988 Ionospheric imaging using computerized tomography; Radio Sci. 23 299–307.
Andreeva E S, Franke S J and Yeh K C 1990 Radio tomographic reconstruction of ionization dip in the plasma near the Earth; J. Exp. Theor. Phys. Lett. 52 145–148.
Garcia R and Crespon F 2008 Radio tomography of the ionophere: Analysis of an underdetermined, ill-posed inverse problem and regional application; Radio Sci. 43 RS2014, doi:10.1029/2007 RS003714.
Huang C S, Sofko G and Kelley M 1998 Numerical simulations of midlatitude ionospheric perturbations produced by gravity waves; J. Geophys. Res. 103 6977–6989.
Kak A and Slaney M 1988 Principles of computerized tomographic imaging; Soc. for Indust. and Appl. Math. Philadelphia, Pa.
Kunitake M, Ohtaka K, Maruyama T, Tokumaru M, Marioka A and Wantabe S 1995 Tomographic imaging of the ionosphere over Japan by the modified truncated SVD method; Ann. Geophys. 13 1303–1310.
Kunitsyn V E and Tereshchenko E D 1992 Radio tomography of the ionosphere; IEEE Antennas Propagat. Mag. 34 22–32.
Markkanen M, Lehtinen M, Nygren T, Pirttila J, Henelius P, Vilenius E, Tereshchenko E D and Lhuduk B Z 1995 Bayesian approach to satellite radio tomography with applications in the Scandinavian sector; Ann. Geophys. 13 1277–1287.
Mitchell C N, Jones D G, Kersley L, Pryse S E and Walker L K 1995 Imaging of field-aligned structures in the auroral ionosphere; Ann. Geophys. 13 1311–1319.
Pryse S E, Mitchell C N, Heaton J A T and Kersley L 1995 Traveling ionospheric disturbances imaged by tomographic techniques; Ann. Geophys. 13 1325–1342.
Pryse S E, Kersley S, Mitchell C N, Spencer P S J and Willams M J 1998 A comparison of reconstruction techniques used in ionospheric tomography; Radio Sci. 33 1767–1779.
Wen D B 2007 Imaging the ionospheric electron density using a combined tomographic algorithm; In: Proc. ION GNSS, FortWorth, TX, September, pp. 2337–2345.
Wen D B 2010 The research progress of computerized ionospheric tomography technique; Bull. Nat. Sci. Found. China 24 17–20.
Wen D B, Yuan Y B, Ou J K, Huo X L and Zhang K F 2007a Three dimensional ionospheric tomography by an improved algebraic reconstruction technique; GPS Solu. 11 251–258.
Wen D B, Yuan Y B and Ou J K 2007b Monitoring the three-dimensional ionospheric electron density distribution using GPS observations over China; J. Earth Syst. Sci. 116(3) 235–244.
Wen D B, Yuan Y B, Ou J K and Zhang K F 2008 A hybrid reconstruction algorithm for three dimensional ionospheric tomography; IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 46 1733–1738.
Zhai Y and Cumme S 2005 A flexible and robust direct reconstruction method for agnetospheric radio tomography; Radio Sci. 40 RS3004, doi: 10.1029/2004RS003100.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wen, D., Liu, S. A new ionospheric tomographic algorithm — constrained multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (CMART). J Earth Syst Sci 119, 489–496 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-010-0039-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-010-0039-0