Abstract
Thin films of CdO incorporated with different amounts of carbon element have been deposited on glass substrates by using the vacuum thermal evaporation method aiming at improving their transparent conducting (TC) properties. The structural and opto-electrical properties of the host CdO films were systematically studied. X-ray diffraction and optical investigations confirmed the inclusion of C species in the CdO lattice. The obtained results were explained through the occupation of interstitial positions and structural vacancies of the host CdO lattice by C species. It was observed that the inclusion of carbon into the CdO lattice blue-shifted the optical band gap by \({\sim }5{-}7\)%, which was attributed to the Moss–Burstein (B–M) effect. The electrical studies showed that the carrier mobility increased steadily with the increase in the C% inclusion level, so that with 5 wt% it attained \({\sim }7.5\) times the carrier mobility in un-doped CdO. Therefore, the present study showed that the prepared host CdO–C films have controllable TC degenerate semiconducting properties, which could be required in different optoelectronic applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhao Z, Morel D L and Ferekides C S 2002 Thin Solid Films 413 203
Robertson J and Falabretti B 2011 in Handbook of transparent conductors D Ginley, H Hosono and DC Paine (eds) (Springer Science + Business Media, LLC) p 27
Chandiramouli R and Jeyaprakash B G 2013 Solid State Sci. 16 102
Carballeda-Galicia D M, Castanedo-Perez R, Jimenez-Sandoval O, Jimenez-Sandoval S, Torres-Delgado G and Zuniga-Romero C I 2000 Thin Solid Films 371 105
Shannon R D 1976 Acta Crystallogr. Sect. Found. Crystallogr. A 32 751
Dakhel A A 2011 J. Mater. Sci. 46 6925
Gupta R K, Ghosh K, Patel R, Mishra S R and Kahol P K 2009 Curr. Appl. Phys. 9 673
Saha B, Das S and Chattopadhyay K K 2007 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91 1692
Murali K R, Kalaivanan A, Perumal S and Neelakanda Pillai N 2010 J. Alloy Compds. 503 350
Gupta R K, Ghosh K, Patel R and Kahol P K 2009 Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 6252
Pan H, Yi J B, Shen L, Wu R Q, Yang J H and Lin J Y et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 127201
Subramanian M, Akaike Y, Hayashi Y, Tanemura M, Ebisu H and Ping D L S 2012 Phys. Status Solidi B 249 1254
Lv H, Sang D D, Li H D, Du X B, Li D M and Zou G T 2010 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 5 620
Xu C X, Sun X W, Dong Z L and Yu M B 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 3878
Yao B D, Chan Y F and Wang N 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 757
Powder Diffraction File, Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Studies (JCPDS) file no. 05-0640
McCusker L B, Von Dreele R B, Cox D E, Louer D and Scardi P 1999 J. Appl. Crystallogr. 32 36
Zhou S, Xu Q, Potzger K, Talut G, Grötzschel R, Fassbender J et al 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 232507
Akbar S 2017 Defect ferromagnetism in ZnO and SnO\(_{2}\) induced by non-magnetic dopants (Dissertation, University of Groningen north-west Germany (UGNWG)) p 41
Hong W Q 1989 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 22 1384
Tauc J and Abelesn F (eds) 1969 Optical properties of solids (New York: North-Holland Publishing Co)
Kawamura K, Maekawa K, Yanagi H, Hirano M and Hosono H 2003 Thin Solid Films 445 182
Naser G Y, Raja W N, Faris A S, Rahem Z J, Salih M A and Ahmed A H 2013 Energy Procedia 36 42
Pankove J I 1975 Optical processes in semiconductors (NY: Dover Publications) p 36
Anitha M, Tamilnayagam V, Anitha N, Amalraj L and Raj S G 2017 J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28 17297
Zhange S B, Wei S-H and Zunger A 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 075205
Akbar S, Hasanain S K, Abbas M, Ozcan S, Ali B and Shah S I 2011 Solid State Commun. 151 17
Zhang F C, Cui H W, Ruan X X and Zhang W H 2014 J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 6 1658
Dakhel A A and Hamad H 2013 J. Solid State Chem. 208 14
Velusamy P, Ramesh Babu R, Ramamurthi K, Dahlem M S and Elangovan E 2015 RSC Adv. 5 102741
Hassanien A E, Hashem H M, Kamel G, Soltan S, Moustafa A M, Hammam M et al 2016 Int. J. Thin Films Sci. Technol. 5 55
Velusamy P, Ramesh Babu R, Ramamurthi K, Elangovan E, Viegas J, Dahlem M S et al 2016 Ceram. Int. 42 12675
Lee D, Lee H, Ahn Y, Jeong Y, Lee D-Y and Lee Y 2013 Nanoscale 5 7750
Mondal I, Kumar A, Rao K D M and Kulkarni G U 2018 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 118 232
Singh A K, Kiruthika S, Mondal I and Kulkarni G U 2017 J. Mater. Chem. C 5 5917
Gupta R, Rao K D M, Kiruthika S and Kulkarni G U 2013 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 730
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to Mrs Fatima H Qabeel from the SEM Laboratory/Central Labs/College of Science (UOB).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dakhel, A.A. Influence of incorporation of carbon on the transparent conducting properties of CdO thin films. Bull Mater Sci 43, 134 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02104-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02104-8