Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the changes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in the mouse brainstem during the development of facial paralysis induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and the inhibitory effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) on MMP9 expression. HSV-1 was inoculated into the surface of posterior auricle of mouse to establish a paralyzed animal model. The paralyzed mice were divided randomly into three groups. In one group without any treatment, mice were killed at different time points of 6 h, 1, 2, 3, and 7 days post-induction of facial paralysis; in the other two groups, mice were injected daily with MPSS and a combination of MPSS and glucocorticoid receptor blocker (RU486) for 2 days, respectively. The expression of MMP9 in the facial nucleus of brainstem was detected by Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence technique. A total of 52.07 % of mice developed unilateral facial paralysis after inoculated with HSV-1. Both mRNA and protein expression of MMP9 were present at low levels in normal facial nucleus of brainstem and were increased significantly after facial paralysis with its peak time at 2 days post-induction of facial paralysis. Expression of MMP9 of paralyzed mice was inhibited by MPSS, and the inhibition could be blocked by RU486. Our findings suggest that MMP9 in mouse brainstem is involved in the evolution of facial palsy induced by HSV-1 and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. MPSS might effectively relieve HSV-1-mediated damages by inhibitory effect on expression of MMP9 in HSV-1-induced facial paralysis.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30973308 and no. 81100711) and the 12th Five-Year National Key Technologies R & D Program of China (no. 2012BAI12B01).
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Dong Chen and Daogong Zhang contributed equally to this work.
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National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30973308 and no. 81100711) and the 12th Five-Year National Key Technologies R & D Program (no. 2012BAI12B01).
Author Contributions
Dong Chen planned the study, interpreted the data, drafted the manuscript, revised the manuscript critically, and approved the final version. Daogong Zhang planned the study, interpreted the data, drafted the manuscript, revised the manuscript critically, and approved the final version. Lei Xu fund supported, established the animal model, and approved the final version. Yuechen Han reviewed and revised the manuscript critically, and approved the final version. Haibo Wang fund supported and approved the final version.
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Chen, D., Zhang, D., Xu, L. et al. The Alterations of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Mouse Brainstem During Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Induced Facial Palsy. J Mol Neurosci 51, 703–709 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-013-0051-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-013-0051-3