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Changes in PACAP Immunoreactivity in Human Milk and Presence of PAC1 Receptor in Mammary Gland during Lactation

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Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with widespread occurrence in the nervous system and peripheral organs, including the mammary gland. Previously, we have shown that PACAP38 is present in the human milk at higher levels than in respective blood samples. However, it is not known how PACAP levels and the expression of PAC1 receptor change during lactation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate PACAP38-like immunoreactivity (PACAP38-LI) in human colostrums and transitional and mature milk during lactation and to compare the expression of PAC1 receptors in lactating and non-lactating mammary glands. We found that PACAP38-LI was significantly higher in human colostrum samples than in the transitional and mature milk. PACAP38-LI did not show any significant changes within the first 10-month period of lactation, but a significant increase was observed thereafter, up to the examined 17th month. Weak expression of PAC1 receptors was detected in non-lactating sheep and human mammary glands, but a significant increase was observed in the lactating sheep samples. In summary, the present study is the first to show changes of PACAP levels in human milk during lactation. The presence of PACAP in the milk suggests a potential role in the development of newborn, while the increased expressions of PAC1 receptors on lactating breast may indicate a PACAP38/PAC1 interaction in the mammary gland during lactation.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the following grants: OTKA (K72592, 73044, and CNK78480), TAMOP (4.2.1.B-10/2/KONV-2010-002, 4.2.2.B-10/1-2010-0029, and 4.2.1/B-09/1/KONV-2010-0007), Bolyai Scholarship, Richter Foundation, PTE AOK Research Grant KA-34039/10-26, KA-34039/10-10, PTE-MTA “Lendulet,” and the European Social Fund. The authors thank Dora Heronyanyi, Zsofia Bilonka and Gabriella Veghi for their assistance in collecting milk samples, Erika Csanadi and Mrs. Magdolna Ispanne Muth for collecting colostrum samples and Terez Bagoly for the assistance of RIA measurements. The authors also thank the help of Pecs TV and all the volunteers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA “Lendulet” PACAP Research Group, University of Pecs, 7624, Pecs, Szigeti ut 12, Hungary

    Katalin Csanaky, Eszter Banki, Dora Reglodi & Andrea Tamas

  2. Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Krisztina Szabadfi

  3. Unified Health Institutions, Pecs, Hungary

    Ibolya Tarcai

  4. Institute of Animal Science, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

    Levente Czegledi

  5. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Zsuzsanna Helyes

  6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Tibor Ertl & Judit Gyarmati

  7. Surgery Clinic, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Zalan Szanto & Istvan Zapf

  8. Doctoral School of University of Pecs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pecs, Hungary

    Erika Sipos

  9. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan

    Seiji Shioda

Authors
  1. Katalin Csanaky
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  2. Eszter Banki
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  4. Dora Reglodi
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  6. Levente Czegledi
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  7. Zsuzsanna Helyes
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  8. Tibor Ertl
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  9. Judit Gyarmati
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  10. Zalan Szanto
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  11. Istvan Zapf
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  12. Erika Sipos
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  13. Seiji Shioda
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  14. Andrea Tamas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Tamas.

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Csanaky, K., Banki, E., Szabadfi, K. et al. Changes in PACAP Immunoreactivity in Human Milk and Presence of PAC1 Receptor in Mammary Gland during Lactation. J Mol Neurosci 48, 631–637 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-012-9779-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-012-9779-4

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