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Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of biological evidence

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Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During the past few decades, Raman spectroscopy has progressed and captivated added attention in the field of science. However, the application of Raman spectroscopy is not limited to the field of forensic science and analytical chemistry; it is one of the emerging spectroscopic techniques, utilized in the field of forensic science which in turn could be a supporting tool in the law and justice system. The advantage of Raman spectroscopy over the other conventional techniques is that it is rapid, reliable, and non-destructive in nature with minimal or no sample preparation. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of evidence from biological and non-biological origins could easily be performed by using Raman spectroscopy. The forensic domain is highly complex with multidisciplinary branches, and therefore a plethora of techniques are utilized for the detection, identification, and differentiation of innumerable pieces of evidence for the purpose of law and justice. Herein, a systematic review is carried out on the application of Raman spectroscopy in the realm of forensic biology and serology considering its usefulness in practical perspectives. This review paper highlights the significance of modern techniques, including micro-Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in the field of Raman spectroscopy. These techniques have demonstrated notable advancements in terms of their applications and capabilities. Furthermore, to comprehensively capture the progress in the development of Raman spectroscopy, all the published papers which could be retrieved from the available databases from the year 2007 to 2022 were incorporated.

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Data availability

These were the following inclusion criteria for this review article: 1. Authors have included papers which could be retrieved from various databases between 2007-2022. 2. Authors have incorporated papers that were available from google scholar, Sci Direct, Scopus, Semantic scholar and Pub med. 3. Papers in other languages except english were not included.

Abbreviations

RS:

Raman spectroscopy

IR :

Infrared spectroscopy

UV-vis:

Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy

MS:

Mass spectrometry

AS:

Atomic spectroscopy

ATR-FTIR:

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

CFS:

Confocal Raman spectroscopy

SERS:

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

PLS:

Partial least squares

DA:

Discriminant analysis

PCA:

Principal component analysis

SIMCA:

Soft independent modelling of class analogy

SVM:

Support vector machines

ANN:

Artificial neural networks

LDA:

Linear discriminant analysis

PSERS:

Paper surface–enhanced spectroscopy

DCDRS:

Drop-coating deposition Raman spectroscopy

RMS:

Raman micro-spectroscopy

MRS:

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

MSP:

Micro-spectrophotometry

SORS:

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy

SERDS:

Shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy

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    Samiksha Chauhan & Sweety Sharma

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Chauhan, S., Sharma, S. Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of biological evidence. Forensic Sci Med Pathol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-023-00660-z

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