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Estimation and Quantification of Toxic Metals in Hugely Consumed Chicken Livers by Advanced Diagnostic Approaches

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Abstract

Contamination of toxins in chicken’s liver is a serious concern for human health owing to related threats of cytotoxicity and general pathologies after their digestion. The quantitative investigations were accomplished by calibration curves plotted for all the detected toxins via typical samples arranged in the known concentrations in the chicken liver’s matrix. The chicken liver samples were collected from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and found to contain heavy metals like Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The analytical estimations were performed under the suppositions of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in terms of optical thin plasma. The maximum concentrations (parts per million) of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were as 2.87 ± 0.02 ppm, 7.80 ± 0.13 ppm, 2.84 ± 0.02 ppm, 4.00 ± 0.08, and 83.5 ± 2.10 ppm respectively. Abundance of Cu, and Pb was found considerably beyond the maximum accepted boundary of WHO. Likewise, the level of Ni exceeded the permitted bounds of WHO in samples 01 and 02. To validate our laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy investigation, we approximated the abundance of identical (duplicate) chicken livers through digesting the specimens in suitable solvents by a typical technique such as inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and the results acquired were in outstanding harmony. Furthermore, the existence of detected toxins was also checked using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It is worth stating that larger amounts of Cu, Ni, and Pb in poultry may cause a severe hazard to customers which required security actions and precautions. Our findings are extremely important to make an awareness among the people due to associated health hazards after the digestion of toxins through chicken liver and to protect numerous human lives.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan

    I. Rehan

  2. Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan

    S. Sultana

  3. Department of Physics, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan

    K. Rehan

  4. CAS key Laboratory of Micro-scale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology China, Hefei, China

    K. Rehan

  5. Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    M. A. Almessiere

  6. Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    M. A. Almessiere

  7. Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan

    N. U. Saqib

  8. Department of Applied Physics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    M. Zubair Khan

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  1. I. Rehan
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  2. S. Sultana
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  3. K. Rehan
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  4. M. A. Almessiere
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  5. N. U. Saqib
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  6. M. Zubair Khan
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Rehan, I., Sultana, S., Rehan, K. et al. Estimation and Quantification of Toxic Metals in Hugely Consumed Chicken Livers by Advanced Diagnostic Approaches. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 377–386 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03147-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03147-0

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