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Different Sources of Dietary Magnesium Supplementation Reduces Oxidative Stress by Regulation Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in High-Fat Diet Rats

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Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral required for many physiological processes, including ionic balances in ocular tissues. We compared the effects of different Mg-chelates (Mg oxide, MgO vs. Mg picolinate, MgPic) on retinal function in a high-fat diet (HFD) rats. Forty-two rats were divided into six groups and treated orally for 8 weeks as follows: Control, MgO, MgPic, HFD, HFD + MgO, and HFD + MgPic. Mg was administered at 500 mg of elemental Mg/kg of diet. HFD intake increased the levels of retinal MDA and NF-κB, INOS, ICAM, and VEGF but downregulated Nrf2. However, in rats supplemented with MgO and MgPic, the retinal MDA level was decreased, compared with the control and HFD rats. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) were increased in HFD animals given Mg-chelates (p < 0.001), MgPic being the most effective. Mg supplementation significantly decreased the expression levels of NF-κB, INOS, ICAM, and VEGF in HFD rats while increasing the level of Nrf2 (p < 0.001). Mg supplementation significantly decreased the levels of NF-κB, INOS, ICAM, and VEGF and increased Nrf2 level in HFD rats (p < 0.001), with stronger effects seen from MgPic. Mg attenuated retinal oxidative stress and neuronal inflammation and could be considered as an effective treatment for ocular diseases.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Nutrition 21, LLC (Purchase, NY, USA) and the Turkish Academy of Science (KS) for partially supporting this project.

Funding

This research was funded by Nutrition 21, LLC (Purchase, NY, USA) and the Turkish Academy of Sciences (in part; KS)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey

    Cemal Orhan & Kazim Sahin

  2. Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Besir Er

  3. Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

    Patrick Brice Defo Deeh

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Research and Training Hospital, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey

    Ahmet Alp Bilgic

  5. Research and Development, Nutrition 21 LLC, Harrison, NY, USA

    Sara Perez Ojalvo & James Richard Komorowski

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Contributions

(1) KS is involved in the conception and design; CO and BE performed the experiments; CO and BE is involved in analysis and interpretation of the data; CO, AAB, and PBDD performed statistical analyses; CO, AAB, PBDD, and SPO drafted the manuscript; KS and JRK wrote and revised the paper. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Correspondence to Kazim Sahin.

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The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (156-2017/86) and performed following the internationally accepted standard ethical guidelines for laboratory animal use and care as described in the European Community guidelines, EEC Directive 2010/63/EU, of the 22 September 2010

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SPO and JRK is an employee of Nutrition 21, LLC, (Purchase, NY, USA). Other authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript.

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Orhan, C., Er, B., Deeh, P.B.D. et al. Different Sources of Dietary Magnesium Supplementation Reduces Oxidative Stress by Regulation Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in High-Fat Diet Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 4162–4170 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02526-9

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