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Burn Wound Healing Abilities of a Uronic Acid Containing Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Marine Bacterium Halomonas malpeensis YU-PRIM-29 T

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Abstract

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are an emerging class of biopolymers with extensive applications in different fields due to their versatile physico-chemical and biological properties. The role of EPS in healing of different wound types is gaining interest in the tissue engineering sector. Burn is one of the devitalizing injuries that causes greater physical harm and can be fatal. Appropriate treatment modalities have to be followed for faster healing outcomes and to minimize the risk. In this study, a bacterial EPS (EPS-H29) from the marine bacterium Halomonas malpeensis YU-PRIM-29 T was used to treat the burn wound in vivo. The biochemical and structural characterizations of EPS-H29 were carried out using standard methods. In addition, FE-SEM, conformational, rheological, and HP-GPC analyses were carried out. In vitro biocompatibility of EPS-H29 was studied in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and keratinocytes (HaCaT). Scratch assay was used to study the wound healing in vitro. For in vivo evaluation, burn wound (second-degree) was created on Wistar albino rats and treated with EPS-H29 along with appropriate control groups. The total sugar and protein contents of EPS-H29 were 72.0 ± 1.4% and 4.0 ± 0.5%, respectively, with a molecular weight of 5.2 × 105 Da. The lyophilized samples exhibited porous surface features, and in solution, it showed triple helical conformation and shear thickening behavior. In vitro cell-based assays showed biocompatibility of EPS-H29 up to 200 μg/mL concentration. At a concentration up to 50 μg/mL, EPS-H29 promoted cell proliferation. Significant increase in the HDF cell migration was evident with EPS-H29 (15 μg/mL) treatment in vitro and induced significantly higher (p ≤ 0.0001) closure of the scratch area (90.3 ± 1.1%), compared to the control (84.3 ± 1.3%) at 24 h. Enhanced expression of Ki-67 was associated with the cell proliferative activities of EPS-H29. The animals treated with EPS-H29 showed improved healing of burn wounds with significantly higher wound contraction rate (80.6 ± 9.4%) compared to the positive control (54.6 ± 8.0%) and untreated group (49.2 ± 3.7%) with histopathological evidence of epidermal tissue formation at 15 days of treatment. These results demonstrate the biocompatibility and burn wound healing capability of EPS-H29 and its potential as an effective topical agent for the burn wound care.

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Acknowledgements

Athmika Nagaraj acknowledges the Department of Biotechnology, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) (BMI/11(74)/2022) for the fellowship. Athmika Nagaraj also acknowledges the DST-PURSE Laboratory, Mangalore University, for carrying out the FE-SEM analysis.

Funding

This study was funded by the Department of Biotechnology, India (BT/PR15730/AAQ/3/791/2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India

    Athmika Nagaraj, Yuvarajan Subramaniyan & Punchappady Devasya Rekha

  2. Advanced Surgical Skill ENhancement Division (ASSEND), Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India

    Suprith Surya

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  1. Athmika Nagaraj
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Contributions

Dr. Rekha P. D. contributed to the study’s conception, design, and provided technical inputs for improvising all the versions of the manuscript. Athmika Nagaraj performed material preparation, data collection, analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. The in vivo studies were assisted by Dr. Suprith Surya and Yuvarajan Subramaniyan. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Punchappady Devasya Rekha.

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Ethical Standard

The animal study was performed in accordance with the guidelines given by the Committee for Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CCSEA) and after obtaining approval (10a/31.12.2015) from the institutional animal ethics committee (IAEC) of Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), India.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Nagaraj, A., Subramaniyan, Y., Surya, S. et al. Burn Wound Healing Abilities of a Uronic Acid Containing Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Marine Bacterium Halomonas malpeensis YU-PRIM-29 T. Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-024-04966-8

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