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The Potential of Fish Protein Hydrolysate Supplementation in Nile Tilapia Diets: Effects on Growth and Health Performance, Disease Resistance, and Farm Economic Analysis

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Abstract

Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) has shown immense potential as a dietary protein supplement and immunostimulant in aquaculture, especially in Nile tilapia production. Four isoproteic diets (30% crude protein) were prepared by including FPH at varying percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Nile tilapia fed with FPH diets for 90 days, and their growth performance, feed utilization, blood biochemistry, liver and gut morphology, and resistance against Streptococcus iniae were investigated. The findings revealed that diets physical attributes such as pellet durability index and water stability were remarkably (p < 0.05) varied between experimental diet groups. Furthermore, the test diets were more palatable when FPH was included at 1% and 2%. Fish that were fed with a 2% FPH-treated diet had significantly (p < 0.05) greater growth indices than other treatments. Additionally, their feed utilization was significantly (p < 0.05) improved. The experimental diets and intestinal total bacteria count (TBC) exhibited a rising trend with FPH levels, where the 2% FPH-treated diet recorded the highest TBC. Neutrophil (109/L), lymphocyte (109/L), eosinophil (109/L), and red blood cell(1012/L) counts were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the 2% FPH-treated group, while the white blood cell (109/L), and basophil (109/L) counts were not influenced by the FPH inclusion. Moreover, the FPH-treated groups displayed lower creatinine, bilirubin, and urea levels than the control. The histological examination demonstrated that themid-intestine of 2% FPH-fed Nile tilapia had an unbroken epithelial wall, more villi with frequent distribution of goblet cells, wider tunica muscularis, and stronger stratum compactum bonding than other treatments. Additionally, this group exhibited more nuclei and erythrocytes and less vacuolar cytoplasm in liver than their counterparts. Nile tilapia that were given a diet containing 2% FPH had significantly (p < 0.05) higher resistance (83.33%) to S. iniae during the bacterial challenge test. A significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in farm economic efficiency was observed in the higher inclusion of FPH in diets. In summary, 2% FPH supplementation in Nile tilapia diets improved their growth performance, feed utilization, health status, disease resistance, and farm economic efficiency.

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Data Availability

The data that supported the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The research article is a collaboration between Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Sylhet Agricultural University, Symrise Aqua Feed of Taste, Nutrition & Health Segment of the Symrise AG group, France, and the University of Arkansas, USA. This collaboration ispart of Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group (ALAReG) planning under the Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus.

Funding

The project was funded by Symrise Aqua Feed research grant of France with the Adyanagro-Bangladesh for feed preparation logistic facilities to conduct this research under the Aquaculture Department and Sylhet Agricultural University Research System (SAURES), Bangladesh, and supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (R/FRGS/A0700/00778A/003/2022/01076).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh

    Muhammad Anamul Kabir, Shishir Kumar Nandi & Afrina Yeasmin Suma

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, Kelantan, 17600, Malaysia

    Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri & Lee Seong Wei

  3. Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, Kelantan, 17600, Malaysia

    Muhammad Anamul Kabir, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri & Lee Seong Wei

  4. Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh

    Abdullah Al Mamun

  5. Symrise Aqua Feed of Taste, Nutrition & Health Segment of the Symrise AG group, Clichy, 92110, France

    Paul Seguin & Mikael Herault

  6. Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Martina Irwan Khoo

  7. Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA

    Guillermo Téllez-Isaías

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  1. Muhammad Anamul Kabir
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  2. Shishir Kumar Nandi
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  11. Guillermo Téllez-Isaías
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Contributions

M.A.K wrote the main manuscript. S.K.N., A.Y.S., Z.A.K., L.S.W., A.A.M., P.S., M.H., M.I.K., S.A.M.S., and G.T.I involve in editing and polishing the manuscript.All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Muhammad Anamul Kabir or Zulhisyam Abdul Kari.

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Ethical Approval

The experiments were approved by Animal Ethics Committee of Sylhet Agricultural University, and performed according to the Animal Ethics Procedures and Guidelines of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

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Kabir, M.A., Nandi, S.K., Suma, A.Y. et al. The Potential of Fish Protein Hydrolysate Supplementation in Nile Tilapia Diets: Effects on Growth and Health Performance, Disease Resistance, and Farm Economic Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-024-04913-7

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