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Production of Gibberellic Acid by Solid-State Fermentation Using Wastes from Rice Processing and Brewing Industry

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Abstract

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a natural hormone present in some plants used in agricultural formulations as a growth regulator. Currently, its production on an industrial scale is performed by submerged fermentation using the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, which is associated with low yields, leaving the purification stages with high costs. An alternative is solid-state fermentation (SSF), which makes it possible to obtain higher concentrations of product using low-cost substrates, such as agroindustrial by-products. This research investigated the use of raw rice bran (RRB) and barley malt residue (BMR) as substrates for GA3 production by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. Through two statistical designs, the effect of moisture (50 to 70 wt.%) and medium composition (RRB content between 30 and 70 wt.% to a mass ratio between RRB and BMR) was first evaluated. Using the best conditions previously obtained, the effect of adding glucose (carbon source, between 0 and 80 g·L−1) and ammonium nitrate—NH4NO3—(nitrogen source, between 0 and 5 g·L−1) on GA3 productivity was analyzed. The best yield was obtained using 30 wt.% RRB and 70 wt.% BMR for a medium with 70 wt.% of moisture after 7 days of process. It was also found that higher concentrations of NH4NO3 favor the GA3 formation for intermediate values of glucose content (40 g·L−1). Finally, a kinetic investigation showed an increasing behavior in the GA3 production (10.1 g·kg of substrate−1 was obtained), with a peak on the seventh day and subsequent tendency to stabilization.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information).

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BMR:

Barley malt residue

CCRD:

Central composite rotational design

CV:

Coefficient of variation

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

PDA:

Potato dextrose agar

RRB:

Raw rice bran

SSF:

Solid-state fermentation

SF:

Submerged fermentation

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Funding

The authors thank CNPq (National Council of Technological and Scientific Development) for the financial support of this work, as well as CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) and the Human Resources Program of the Brazilian Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels—PRH/ANP through the Human Resources Training Program for Petroleum and Biofuels Processing for scholarships.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pro-Rectory of Infrastructure, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Upiragibe V. Pinheiro & Rafaela M. Gai

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Building 9B, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    João H. C. Wancura, Michel Brondani, Camila M. da Silva, Marco A. Mainardi & Sérgio L. Jahn

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  1. Upiragibe V. Pinheiro
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  2. João H. C. Wancura
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Contributions

Upiragibe V. Pinheiro: conceptualization, writing (original draft). João H. C. Wancura: writing (original draft), methodology, formal analysis. Michel Brondani: writing (review and editing), methodology. Camila M. da Silva: investigation, validation. Marco A. Mainardi: investigation, validation. Rafaela M. Gai: writing (review and editing), resources. Sérgio L. Jahn: conceptualization, supervision, project administration.

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Correspondence to João H. C. Wancura.

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Pinheiro, U.V., Wancura, J.H.C., Brondani, M. et al. Production of Gibberellic Acid by Solid-State Fermentation Using Wastes from Rice Processing and Brewing Industry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 196, 1493–1508 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04637-0

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