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An Overview of Bacteria-Mediated Heavy Metal Bioremediation Strategies

  • Review Article
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Abstract

Contamination-free groundwater is considered a good source of potable water. Even in the twenty-first century, over 90 percent of the population is reliant on groundwater resources for their lives. Groundwater influences the economical state, industrial development, ecological system, and agricultural and global health conditions worldwide. However, different natural and artificial processes are gradually polluting groundwater and drinking water systems throughout the world. Toxic metalloids are one of the major sources that pollute the water system. In this review work, we have collected and analyzed information on metal-resistant bacteria along with their genetic information and remediation mechanisms of twenty different metal ions [arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), palladium (Pd), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), antimony (Sb), gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), and uranium (U)]. We have surveyed the scientific information available on bacteria-mediated bioremediation of various metals and presented the data with responsible genes and proteins that contribute to bioremediation, bioaccumulation, and biosorption mechanisms. Knowledge of the genes responsible and self-defense mechanisms of diverse metal-resistance bacteria would help us to engineer processes involving multi-metal-resistant bacteria that may reduce metal toxicity in the environment.

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Abbreviations

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

TSS:

Total suspended solids

CBHI:

Central Bureau of Health Intelligence

MIH:

Ministry of Health

DCC:

N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

DNP:

2,4-Dinitrophenol

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

IARC:

International Agency for the Research on Cancer

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Funding

This work was supported by an Early Career Research grant (ECR/2016/001598) to Dr. Rudra P. Saha from DST-SERB, India.

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  1. Rima Roy and Saikat Samanta contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India

    Rima Roy, Saikat Samanta, Srijoni Banerjee & Rudra P. Saha

  2. Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India

    Soumya Pandit & Tahseena Naaz

  3. Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India

    Janhvi Mishra Rawat

  4. Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India

    Kundan Kumar Chaubey

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  1. Rima Roy
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Roy, R., Samanta, S., Pandit, S. et al. An Overview of Bacteria-Mediated Heavy Metal Bioremediation Strategies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 196, 1712–1751 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04614-7

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