Abstract
The objective of this study is to attempt the possibility of identifying optimum stress distribution of conventional mono leaf spring (MLS) using finite element analysis. In addition, this study includes the topology optimization model based on equivalent static load. This paper describes two different approaches considering design for manufacturing after obtaining results from topology optimization. The proposed method is to create circular holes along the leaf spring and cutting a uniform slot along the spring. Although, Finite element analysis is accomplished to analyse the effect on MLS after removing material. The results of this investigation revealed that a weight reduction can be possible in MLS to obtain light weight and structurally strong design that can be used in Electric Vehicle. The proposed method is part of ongoing research and it will offer to the market on demand. This approach successfully predicts that a percentile weight reduction of about 2.3% with holes and 8.16% with slot can be obtained in conventional MLS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Goel, S., Sharma, R., Rathore, A.K.: A review on barrier and challenges of electric vehicle in India and vehicle to grid optimisation. Transp. Eng. 4, 100057 (2021)
Teli, M.D., Chavan, U.S., Phakatkar, H.G.: Design, analysis and experimental testing of composite leaf spring for application in electric vehicle. Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng. 8(9), 2882–2891 (2019)
Nutalapati, S.: Design and analysis of leaf spring by using composite material for light vehicles. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol. 6(12), 36–59 (2015)
Kessentini, A., Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed, G., Madiouli, J.: Design optimization and FE analysis of 3D printed carbon PEEK based mono leaf spring. Micromachines 10(5), 279 (2019)
Ma, L., He, J., Gu, Y., Zhang, Z., Yu, Z., Zhou, A., Tam, L.-H., Wu, C.: Structure design of GFRP composite leaf spring: an experimental and finite element analysis. Polymers 13, 1193 (2021)
Nayak, S., Sadarang, J., Panigrahi, I., Nayak, R.K., Maurya, M.: Optimization of composite leaf spring for reduced weight and improved noise, vibration, and harshness in an electric vehicle. Noise Vib. Worldw. 51(7–9), 127–138 (2020)
Ismaeel, L.: Optimization and static stress analysis of hybrid fiber reinforced composite leaf spring. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015, 374609 (2015)
Khatkar, V., Behera, B.K.: Experimental investigation of composite leaf spring reinforced with various fiber architecture. Adv. Compos. Mater. 29, 129–145 (2020)
Kumar, V.R., Narayana, R.L., Srinivas, C.H.: Analysis of natural fiber composite leaf spring. Int. J. Latest Trends Eng. Technol. 3(1), 182–191 (2013)
Karthik, J.P., Chaitanya, K.L., Sasanka, T.C.: Fatigue life prediction of a parabolic spring under non-constant amplitude proportional loading using finite element method. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol. 46, 143–156 (2012)
Arora, V.K., Bhushan, G., Aggarwal, M.L.: Fatigue life assessment of 65Si7 leaf springs: a comparative study. Int. Sch. Res. Not. 2014, 607272 (2014)
Zou, X., Zhang, B., Yin, G.: Analysis of stiffness and damping performance of the composite leaf spring. Sci. Rep. 12, 6842 (2022)
Fentahun, M.A., Savaş, M.A.: Materials used in automotive manufacture and material selection using Ashby charts. Int. J. Mater. Eng. 8(3), 40–54 (2018)
Krauklis, A.E., Karl, C.W., Gagani, A.I., Jørgensen, J.K.: Composite material recycling technology—state-of-the-art and sustainable development for the 2020s. J. Compos. Sci. 5, 28 (2021)
Sancaktar, E., Gratton, M.: Design, analysis, and optimization of composite leaf springs for light vehicle applications. Compos. Struct. 44, 195–204 (1999)
Shankar, G.S.S., Vijayarangan, S.: Mono composite leaf spring for light weight vehicle—design, end joint analysis and testing. Mater. Sci. 12(3), 220–225 (2006)
Kushwah, S., Parekh, S., Mistry, H., et al.: A methodological study of leaf spring by material comparison and Taguchi’s DOE. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 16, 239–252 (2022)
Shokrieh, M., Rezaei, D.: Analysis and optimization of a composite leaf spring. Compos. Struct. 60, 317–325 (2003)
Batu, T., Lemu, H.G., Michael, E.G.: Multi objective parametric optimization and composite material performance study for master leaf spring. Mater. Today Proc. 45(6), 5347–5353 (2021)
Raju, R., Manikandan, N., Palanisamy, D., Arulkirubakaran, D., Binoj, J.S., Thejasree, P., Ahilan, C.: A review of challenges and opportunities in additive manufacturing. In: Palani, I.A., Sathiya, P., Palanisamy, D. (eds.) Recent Advances in Materials and Modern Manufacturing. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0244-4_3
Varma, M.M.M.K., Baghel, P.K., Raju, R.: Additive manufacturing of thermosetting resins in-situ carbon fibers: a review. In: Palani, I.A., Sathiya, P., Palanisamy, D. (eds.) Recent Advances in Materials and Modern Manufacturing. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0244-4_11
Nayak, C., Singh, A., Chaudhary, H.: Topology optimisation of transtibial prosthesis socket using finite element analysis. Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol. 24, 323–337 (2017)
Gaylo, R., Farahani, S., Schmueser, D.: Optimization of a mono-composite leaf spring using a hybrid fiber-layup approach. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 14, 407–421 (2020)
Hui, M., Shi, D., Gea, H.C.: Stiffness optimization of multi-material composite structure under dependent load. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 12, 717–727 (2018)
Hui, M., Shi, D., Gea, H.C.: Multi-objective structure dynamic optimization based on equivalent static loads. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 12, 729–740 (2018)
Tschorn, J.A., Fuchs, D., Vietor, T.: Potential impact of additive manufacturing and topology optimization inspired lightweight design on vehicle track performance. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 15, 499–508 (2021)
Formentini, G., Boix Rodríguez, N., Favi, C.: Design for manufacturing and assembly methods in the product development process of mechanical products: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 120, 4307–4334 (2022)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, M.I., Nayak, C. Topology optimization of mono leaf spring for electric vehicle using finite element analysis. Int J Interact Des Manuf (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-022-01073-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-022-01073-y