Skip to main content
Log in

Topology optimization of mono leaf spring for electric vehicle using finite element analysis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study is to attempt the possibility of identifying optimum stress distribution of conventional mono leaf spring (MLS) using finite element analysis. In addition, this study includes the topology optimization model based on equivalent static load. This paper describes two different approaches considering design for manufacturing after obtaining results from topology optimization. The proposed method is to create circular holes along the leaf spring and cutting a uniform slot along the spring. Although, Finite element analysis is accomplished to analyse the effect on MLS after removing material. The results of this investigation revealed that a weight reduction can be possible in MLS to obtain light weight and structurally strong design that can be used in Electric Vehicle. The proposed method is part of ongoing research and it will offer to the market on demand. This approach successfully predicts that a percentile weight reduction of about 2.3% with holes and 8.16% with slot can be obtained in conventional MLS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Goel, S., Sharma, R., Rathore, A.K.: A review on barrier and challenges of electric vehicle in India and vehicle to grid optimisation. Transp. Eng. 4, 100057 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Teli, M.D., Chavan, U.S., Phakatkar, H.G.: Design, analysis and experimental testing of composite leaf spring for application in electric vehicle. Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng. 8(9), 2882–2891 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Nutalapati, S.: Design and analysis of leaf spring by using composite material for light vehicles. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol. 6(12), 36–59 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kessentini, A., Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed, G., Madiouli, J.: Design optimization and FE analysis of 3D printed carbon PEEK based mono leaf spring. Micromachines 10(5), 279 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ma, L., He, J., Gu, Y., Zhang, Z., Yu, Z., Zhou, A., Tam, L.-H., Wu, C.: Structure design of GFRP composite leaf spring: an experimental and finite element analysis. Polymers 13, 1193 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nayak, S., Sadarang, J., Panigrahi, I., Nayak, R.K., Maurya, M.: Optimization of composite leaf spring for reduced weight and improved noise, vibration, and harshness in an electric vehicle. Noise Vib. Worldw. 51(7–9), 127–138 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ismaeel, L.: Optimization and static stress analysis of hybrid fiber reinforced composite leaf spring. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015, 374609 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Khatkar, V., Behera, B.K.: Experimental investigation of composite leaf spring reinforced with various fiber architecture. Adv. Compos. Mater. 29, 129–145 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kumar, V.R., Narayana, R.L., Srinivas, C.H.: Analysis of natural fiber composite leaf spring. Int. J. Latest Trends Eng. Technol. 3(1), 182–191 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Karthik, J.P., Chaitanya, K.L., Sasanka, T.C.: Fatigue life prediction of a parabolic spring under non-constant amplitude proportional loading using finite element method. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol. 46, 143–156 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Arora, V.K., Bhushan, G., Aggarwal, M.L.: Fatigue life assessment of 65Si7 leaf springs: a comparative study. Int. Sch. Res. Not. 2014, 607272 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zou, X., Zhang, B., Yin, G.: Analysis of stiffness and damping performance of the composite leaf spring. Sci. Rep. 12, 6842 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Fentahun, M.A., Savaş, M.A.: Materials used in automotive manufacture and material selection using Ashby charts. Int. J. Mater. Eng. 8(3), 40–54 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Krauklis, A.E., Karl, C.W., Gagani, A.I., Jørgensen, J.K.: Composite material recycling technology—state-of-the-art and sustainable development for the 2020s. J. Compos. Sci. 5, 28 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sancaktar, E., Gratton, M.: Design, analysis, and optimization of composite leaf springs for light vehicle applications. Compos. Struct. 44, 195–204 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shankar, G.S.S., Vijayarangan, S.: Mono composite leaf spring for light weight vehicle—design, end joint analysis and testing. Mater. Sci. 12(3), 220–225 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kushwah, S., Parekh, S., Mistry, H., et al.: A methodological study of leaf spring by material comparison and Taguchi’s DOE. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 16, 239–252 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Shokrieh, M., Rezaei, D.: Analysis and optimization of a composite leaf spring. Compos. Struct. 60, 317–325 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Batu, T., Lemu, H.G., Michael, E.G.: Multi objective parametric optimization and composite material performance study for master leaf spring. Mater. Today Proc. 45(6), 5347–5353 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Raju, R., Manikandan, N., Palanisamy, D., Arulkirubakaran, D., Binoj, J.S., Thejasree, P., Ahilan, C.: A review of challenges and opportunities in additive manufacturing. In: Palani, I.A., Sathiya, P., Palanisamy, D. (eds.) Recent Advances in Materials and Modern Manufacturing. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0244-4_3

    Google Scholar 

  21. Varma, M.M.M.K., Baghel, P.K., Raju, R.: Additive manufacturing of thermosetting resins in-situ carbon fibers: a review. In: Palani, I.A., Sathiya, P., Palanisamy, D. (eds.) Recent Advances in Materials and Modern Manufacturing. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0244-4_11

    Google Scholar 

  22. Nayak, C., Singh, A., Chaudhary, H.: Topology optimisation of transtibial prosthesis socket using finite element analysis. Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol. 24, 323–337 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gaylo, R., Farahani, S., Schmueser, D.: Optimization of a mono-composite leaf spring using a hybrid fiber-layup approach. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 14, 407–421 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Hui, M., Shi, D., Gea, H.C.: Stiffness optimization of multi-material composite structure under dependent load. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 12, 717–727 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hui, M., Shi, D., Gea, H.C.: Multi-objective structure dynamic optimization based on equivalent static loads. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 12, 729–740 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Tschorn, J.A., Fuchs, D., Vietor, T.: Potential impact of additive manufacturing and topology optimization inspired lightweight design on vehicle track performance. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 15, 499–508 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Formentini, G., Boix Rodríguez, N., Favi, C.: Design for manufacturing and assembly methods in the product development process of mechanical products: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 120, 4307–4334 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chitresh Nayak.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khan, M.I., Nayak, C. Topology optimization of mono leaf spring for electric vehicle using finite element analysis. Int J Interact Des Manuf (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-022-01073-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-022-01073-y

Keywords

Navigation