Abstract
While there has been significant discussion in the health sciences and ethics literatures about problems associated with publication practices (e.g., ghost- and gift-authorship, conflicts of interest), there has been relatively little practical guidance developed to help researchers determine how they should fairly allocate credit for multi-authored publications. Fair allocation of credit requires that participating authors be acknowledged for their contribution and responsibilities, but it is not obvious what contributions should warrant authorship, nor who should be responsible for the quality and content of the scientific research findings presented in a publication. In this paper, we review arguments presented in the ethics and health science literatures, and the policies or guidelines proposed by learned societies and journals, in order to explore the link between author contribution and responsibility in multi-author multidisciplinary health science publications. We then critically examine the various procedures used in the field to help researchers fairly allocate authorship.
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Notes
We use the term “health sciences” broadly to encompass research that is both “biomedical” (e.g., medical genetics, biochemistry, pharmacology, nursing) and which is more generally health focused (e.g., public health). While this definition will clearly include a wide range of disciplines—and thus authorship practices—we feel that the generalisation is nonetheless appropriate for our analysis.
We thank one of the anonymous reviewers for bringing this very helpful example to our attention.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Zubin Master and the anonymous reviewers for their extremely helpful comments on this manuscript. Smith was supported by a Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship (Masters Program) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and a J. A. DeSève Scholarship from the Université de Montréal. Williams-Jones was supported by grants from the Quebec Fonds de recherche sur la société et la culture (FQRSC) and the Ethics Office of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).
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Smith, E., Williams-Jones, B. Authorship and Responsibility in Health Sciences Research: A Review of Procedures for Fairly Allocating Authorship in Multi-Author Studies. Sci Eng Ethics 18, 199–212 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9263-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9263-5