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Combining UV Irradiation and Alkaline Deacetylation to Obtain Vitamin D- and Chitosan-Enriched Fractions from Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes)

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Abstract

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) contain compounds with hypocholesterolemic and immune-modulatory activities such as ergosterol and chitin that can be partially transformed into vitamin D and chitosan to yield extracts with enhanced bioactivities. A method was optimized to increase vitamin D2 levels by irradiating a non-soluble fraction obtained from shiitake mushrooms during 1 h with UV-light (254 nm) at 50 °C in methanol. After 1 h, almost all of the ergosterol was transformed into vitamin D2. The conversion ratio can be simply adjusted by reducing the irradiation time. A deacetylation treatment with 50% NaOH for 24 h at 95 °C was needed to generate chitosan and other water-soluble lower molecular weight derivatives from chitin. To obtain an extract enriched in both compounds, the defined methods can be combined, but the extracts should be firstly deacetylated and later irradiated. In this order, an extract is obtained containing vitamin D2 (4.65 mg/g) and chitosan (2.83%).

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Abbreviations

SP:

Shiitake powder

SF:

Soluble fraction

NSF:

Non-soluble fraction

UV:

Ultraviolet

DA:

Deacetylation

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Funding

This research was supported by the national R + D program from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project AGL2014-56211-R) and the regional program from the Community of Madrid, Spain (S2013/ABI-2728). D. M. received from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation a Juan de la Cierva Formación scholarship (FJC2020-044585-I).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain

    Diego Morales

  2. Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain

    Diego Morales, Adriana Jiménez Piris, Alejandro Ruiz-Rodríguez & Cristina Soler-Rivas

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  1. Diego Morales
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  2. Adriana Jiménez Piris
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Contributions

Diego Morales: investigation, methodology, formal analysis, writing of the original draft and figures; Adriana Jiménez Piris: investigation and methodology; Alejandro Ruiz-Rodríguez: supervision and data curation; Cristina Soler-Rivas: supervision, validation, data curation, funding acquisition, writing and reviewing.

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Correspondence to Diego Morales.

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Morales, D., Piris, A.J., Ruiz-Rodríguez, A. et al. Combining UV Irradiation and Alkaline Deacetylation to Obtain Vitamin D- and Chitosan-Enriched Fractions from Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). Food Bioprocess Technol 16, 1303–1311 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-023-02998-2

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