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Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Preparing Cassava Leaf Hydrolysate with Antioxidant Activity

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Abstract

Introduction

Cassava leaves are the agro-industrial by-product considered to be one of the most vegetable resource protein-richis.

Methods

This study aimed to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis of CL proteins using Alcalase 2.4 L and studied the antioxidant properties of the hydrolysate. Effects of pH (7.0–10), temperature (40–65 °C), and enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio (0.015–0.1 EU/ g protein) on the efficiency of protein extraction (E) (%), protein content (P) (%), and antioxidant activity (TEAC) (µmol TE/g) of the CL hydrolysate (CLH) were conducted. The models obtained were optimized through response surface methodology to maximize the value of P, E, and TEAC, respectively. Degree of hydrolysis, antioxidant activity (TEAC, ORAC, and FRAP), total phenol content (FT), and total protein content of CLH obtained under the optimal condition were measured. Amino acid composition of CLH with higher antioxidant activity was determined. CLH was fractionated by ultrafiltration into four fractions, whose antioxidant activities were then assessed in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cells. The fraction with the greatest activity was further fractionated based on hydrophobicity.

Results

The results showed that response variables depended on pH, E/S, and time used in the hydrolysis reaction. The fractionation process enriched antioxidant peptides, as reflected in the enhanced antioxidant activity of fractions in VSMCs. The antioxidant capacity of CLH or its derived fractions, as determined by chemical assays, corresponded with their cellular antioxidant capacity in VSMCs.

Conclusions

Our study shows the potential of cassava leaf as a source of producing antioxidant peptides.

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Acknowledgements

The authors of this work would like to thank Universidad de Antioquia and University of Alberta for making their facilities available for this project. Also, University of Alberta supplied equipment and materials.

Funding

The research was supported by COLCIENCIAS through the credit-scholarship of call 727 and SAPIENCIA, which are public entities from Colombia.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

SL, HF, ZJ, and JW generated the concept of the work; SL performed research work, analyzed and interpreted the data, and drafted the original manuscript; HF interpreted the data and edited the manuscript; ZJ and JW acquired funding, discussed the data, supervised the work, reviewed and edited the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to José E. Zapata or Jianping Wu.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Suarez, L.M., Fan, H., Zapata, J.E. et al. Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Preparing Cassava Leaf Hydrolysate with Antioxidant Activity. Food Bioprocess Technol 14, 2181–2194 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-021-02693-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-021-02693-0

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