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Gastroduodenal “Dysbiosis”: a New Clinical Entity

  • Stomach (P Malfertheiner, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of review

Like the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestine is colonised by microbes, but how this “microbiome” affects the immune system and digestive functions has largely been overlooked, especially in the “omics” era. Here, we present recent findings that show that the diversity, density and interactions of these microbes in the small intestine can play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders.

Recent findings

Changes in the small intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota (SI-MAM) have been shown to occur with inflammatory bowel diseases, functional gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. More recently, there is emerging evidence that small intestinal dysbiosis can be a driver for the progression of chronic liver disease. Initially believed that small intestinal dysbiosis (e.g. SIBO) is mainly due to alterations of luminal conditions (e.g. after surgical resections of the ileocecal valve), there is now enough evidence to conclude that small intestinal dysbiosis can occur without underlying structural abnormalities.

Summary

Alterations of the SI-MAM appear to play a key role for the manifestation and progression of inflammatory and metabolic disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia

    Ayesha Shah & Gerald J Holtmann MD, PhD, MBA

  2. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, And Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    Ayesha Shah & Gerald J Holtmann MD, PhD, MBA

  3. Translational Research Institute, Brisbane Australia, Microbial Biology and Metagenomics, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia

    Mark Morrison

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Correspondence to Gerald J Holtmann MD, PhD, MBA.

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Mark Morrison reports grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council, during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Janssen-Cilag Australia and Yakult Inc., outside the submitted work. Ayesha Shah and Gerald Holtmann declare no conflict of interest.

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Shah, A., Morrison, M. & Holtmann, G.J. Gastroduodenal “Dysbiosis”: a New Clinical Entity. Curr Treat Options Gastro 16, 591–604 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-018-0207-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-018-0207-x

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