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Exploring Orthopedic Stem-Cell Approaches for Osteoarthritis Management: Current Trends and Future Horizons

  • New and Emerging Therapies in Interventional Pain Medicine (J Hasoon, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by joint degeneration and pain. Current treatment options aim to alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression but lack curative potential. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising alternative. This article explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations of hip and knee OA, and the evolving role of stem cell therapies in their treatment.

Recent Findings

The global prevalence of OA, with knee OA being the most common form, has fueled the demand for stem cell therapies. Despite limited robust evidence supporting their efficacy, clinical trials investigating stem-cell treatments for OA have reported encouraging radiological and clinical improvements. Stem cell therapies offer potential disease-modifying benefits through immunomodulatory actions, growth factor secretion, and chondrogenic capabilities. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have shown promise in clinical trials for OA treatment, offering potential pain relief and functional improvement. ADMSCs possess advantages such as accessibility and a favorable safety profile, making them a viable option for OA management. Although other stem-cell types, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have been used in OA treatment, ADMSCs have demonstrated superior outcomes.

Summary

By providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of stem cell therapies for hip and knee OA, this article highlights the potential of stem-cell treatments to address the limitations of current therapies. However, further research is required to establish their long-term efficacy, identify optimal stem-cell types, and develop standardized protocols.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA

    Mark Ehioghae, Sonia Slusarczyk & Danyon Anderson

  2. Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA

    Tarun K. Vippa

  3. Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA

    Dorothy Askins & Elena Bobo

  4. University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, USA

    Alexis Montoya

  5. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

    Christopher L. Robinson

  6. Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, USA

    Alan D. Kaye

  7. Southcoast Health, Wareham, USA

    Ivan Urits

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  1. Mark Ehioghae
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Contributions

Mark Ehioghae — section writing and complete article editing; Tarun K. Vippa — section writing; Dorthy Askins — section writing; Sonia Slusarczyk — section writing and editing; Elena Bobo — section writing; Alexis Montoya — section writing; Danyon Anderson — article editing; Christopher L. Robinson — article editing; Alan D Kaye — article editing and overseeing; Ivan Urits — article editing and overseeing.

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Ehioghae, M., Vippa, T.K., Askins, D. et al. Exploring Orthopedic Stem-Cell Approaches for Osteoarthritis Management: Current Trends and Future Horizons. Curr Pain Headache Rep 28, 27–35 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-023-01191-6

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