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Pregnancy, Reproductive Factors, and Female Heart Failure Risk and Outcomes

  • Review
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent evidence on female-specific risk factors related to reproductive status or pregnancy.

Recent Findings

Pregnancy-related factors, including hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes, increase the risk of heart failure in women, while breastfeeding and hormone therapy may offer protection.

Summary

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, placental abruption, younger maternal age at first live birth, younger maternal age at last live birth, number of stillbirths, number of pregnancies, onset of menstruation before 12 years of age, shorter reproductive age, ovariectomy, and prolonged absence of ovarian hormones may increase the risk of heart failure in women. Conversely, breastfeeding status and hormone therapy (for menopause or contraception) may serve as protective factors, while fertility treatments have no discernible effect on the risk of heart failure.

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Data Availability

 Data availability is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.

Abbreviations

HF:

Heart failure

HDP:

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

PPCM:

Peripartum cardiomyopathy

PCOS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

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Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank Dr. Raquel Luna for handling the review of this manuscript.

Funding

LV is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (CM20/00104 and JR22/00004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Guillermo Moreno & María Jesús Vicente-Galán

  2. Grupo de Investigación Cardiovascular Multidisciplinar Traslacional (GICMT), Área de Investigación Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain

    Guillermo Moreno & Lourdes Vicent

  3. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Martínez-Sellés

  4. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Martínez-Sellés

  5. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Martínez-Sellés

  6. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Martínez-Sellés & Lourdes Vicent

  7. Consulta de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Hospital de Día/Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain

    María Jesús Vicente-Galán

  8. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

    Lourdes Vicent

Authors
  1. Guillermo Moreno
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  2. Manuel Martínez-Sellés
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  3. María Jesús Vicente-Galán
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  4. Lourdes Vicent
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Contributions

GM: conceptualization, writing—original draft preparation. MMS: writing—reviewing and editing; MJVG: writing—reviewing and editing LV: conceptualization, writing—reviewing and editing. All authors have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (3) final approval of the version to be submitted. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manuel Martínez-Sellés.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Moreno, G., Martínez-Sellés, M., Vicente-Galán, M.J. et al. Pregnancy, Reproductive Factors, and Female Heart Failure Risk and Outcomes. Curr Heart Fail Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-024-00657-x

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