Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Ischemic Heart Disease: What Is Known and New Perspectives

  • Review
  • Published:
Current Heart Failure Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

This review aims to evaluate current evidence regarding ventricular tachycardia ablation in patients with ischemic heart disease and explore novel approaches currently developing to improve procedural and long-term outcomes.

Recent Findings

Recently published trials (PARTITA, PAUSE-SCD, and SURVIVE-VT) have demonstrated the prognostic benefit of prophylactic ventricular tachycardia ablation compared to current clinical practice. Advanced cardiac imaging provides a valuable pre-procedural evaluation of the arrhythmogenic substrate, identifying ablation targets non-invasively. Advanced cardiac mapping techniques allow to better characterize arrhythmogenic substrate during ablation procedure. Emerging technologies like pulsed field ablation and ultra-low temperature cryoablation show promise in ventricular tachycardia ablation.

Summary

Advancements in mapping techniques, ablation technologies, and pre-procedural cardiac imaging offer promise for improving ventricular tachycardia ablation outcomes in ischemic heart disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Townsend N, Kazakiewicz D, Lucy Wright F, Timmis A, Huculeci R, Torbica A, Gale CP, Achenbach S, Weidinger F, Vardas P. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19:133–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Danchin N, Puymirat E, Simon T. The (possibly) deceptive figures of decreased coronary heart disease mortality in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3014–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ndrepepa G, Mehilli J, Schwaiger M, Schühlen H, Nekolla S, Martinoff S, Schmitt C, Dirschinger J, Schömig A, Kastrati A. Prognostic value of myocardial salvage achieved by reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(5):725–9

  4. Ndrepepa G. Improving myocardial injury, infarct size, and myocardial salvage in the era of primary PCI for STEMI. Coron Artery Dis. 2015;26:341–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lo R, Chia KKM, Hsia HH. Ventricular tachycardia in ischemic heart disease. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2017;9:25–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Wijnmaalen AP, Schalij MJ, Von Der Thüsen JH, Klautz RJM, Zeppenfeld K. Early reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction affects ventricular tachycardia characteristics and the chronic electroanatomic and histological substrate. Circulation. 2010;121:1887–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, de Riva M, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:3997–4126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, Domanski M, Troutman C, Anderson J, Johnson G, McNulty SE, Clapp-Channing N, Davidson-Ray LD, Fraulo ES, Fishbein DP, Luceri RM, Ip JH; Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) Investigators. Amiodarone or animplantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(3):225–37. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043399. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2005;352(20):2146

  9. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML; Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II Investigators. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(12):877–83. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa013474

  10. Kamphuis HCM, de Leeuw JR, Derksen R, Hauer RNW, Winnubst JAM. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients: quality of life in recipients with and without ICD shock delivery: A prospective study. Europace. 2003;5:381–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Moss AJ, Greenberg H, Case RB, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Brown MW, Daubert JP, McNitt S, Andrews ML, Elkin AD. Long-term clinical course of patients after termination of ventricular tachyarrhythmia by an implanted defibrillator. Circulation. 2004;110:3760–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, Peters RW, Obias-Manno D, Barker AH, Arensberg D, Baker A, Friedman L, Greene HL, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(12):781–8. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199103213241201

  13. Santangeli P, Muser D, Maeda S, Filtz A, Zado ES, Frankel DS, Dixit S, Epstein AE, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Comparative effectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation for the prevention of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13:1552–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Amoni M, Dries E, Ingelaere S, Vermoortele D, Roderick HL, Claus P, Willems R, Sipido KR. Ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic cardiomyopathy—new avenues for mechanism-guided treatment. Cells. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102629.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Richardson WJ, Clarke SA, Alexander Quinn T, Holmes JW. Physiological implications of myocardial scar structure. Compr Physiol. 2015;5:1877–909.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Reimer KA, Lowe JE, Rasmussen MM, Jennings RB. The wavefront phenomenon of ischemic cell death. 1. Myocardial infarct size vs duration of coronary occlusion in dogs. Circulation. 1977;56(5):786–94. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.56.5.786

  17. Fenoglio JJ, Pham TD, Harken AH, Horowitz LN, Josephson ME, Wit AL, Fenoglio JF. Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia: structure and ultrastructure of subendocardial regions in which tachycardia originates. Circulation. 1983;68(3):518–33. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.68.3.518.

  18. Meja Lopez E, Malhotra R. Ventricular tachycardia in structural heart disease. J Innov Cardiac Rhythm Manag. 2019;10:3762–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Guandalini GS, Liang JJ, Marchlinski FE. Ventricular tachycardia ablation: past, present, and future perspectives. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2019;5:1363–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ, Gottlieb CD, Zado E. Linear ablation lesions for control of unmappable ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2000;101(11):1288–96. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.101.11.1288.

  21. Hsia HH, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Characterization of endocardial electrophysiological substrate in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 2003;108:704–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Jaïs P, Maury P, Khairy P, et al. Elimination of local abnormal ventricular activities : a new end point for substrate modification in patients with scar-related ventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 2012;125:2184–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Arenal A, Glez-Torrecilla E, Ortiz M, Villacastín J, Fdez-Portales J, Sousa E, del Castillo S, Perez de Isla L, Jimenez J, Almendral J. Ablation of electrograms with an isolated, delayed component as treatment of unmappable monomorphic ventricular tachycardias in patients with structural heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(1):81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02623-2.

  24. Berruezo A, Fernández-Armenta J, Andreu D, et al. Scar dechanneling. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8:326–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Di Biase L, Santangeli P, Burkhardt DJ, et al. Endo-epicardial homogenization of the scar versus limited substrate ablation for the treatment of electrical storms in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:132–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Tzou WS, Frankel DS, Hegeman T, Supple GE, Garcia FC, Santangeli P, Katz DF, Sauer WH, Marchlinski FE. Core isolation of critical arrhythmia elements for treatment of multiple scar-based ventricular tachycardias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8:353–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Biase L Di, David Burkhardt J, Lakkireddy D, et al. Ablation of stable VTs versus substrate ablation in ischemic cardiomyopathy the VISTA randomized multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(25):2872–2882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.026.

  28. Vázquez-Calvo S, Roca-Luque I, Porta-Sánchez A. Ventricular tachycardia ablation guided by functional substrate mapping: practices and outcomes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9090288.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Irie T, Yu R, Bradfield JS, et al. Relationship between sinus rhythm late activation zones and critical sites for scar-related ventricular tachycardia. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8:390–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Aziz Z, Shatz D, Raiman M, et al. Targeted ablation of ventricular tachycardia guided by wavefront discontinuities during sinus rhythm: a new functional substrate mapping strategy. Circulation. 2019;140:1383–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jackson N, Gizurarson S, Viswanathan K, et al. Decrement evoked potential mapping: basis of a mechanistic strategy for ventricular tachycardia ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8:1433–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Porta-Sánchez A, Jackson N, Lukac P, et al. Multicenter study of ischemic ventricular tachycardia ablation with decrement-evoked potential (DEEP) mapping with extra stimulus. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4:307–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Srinivasan NT, Garcia J, Schilling RJ, et al. Multicenter study of dynamic high-density functional substrate mapping improves identification of substrate targets for ischemic ventricular tachycardia ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020;6:1783–93.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. de Riva M, Naruse Y, Ebert M, et al. Targeting the hidden substrate unmasked by right ventricular extrastimulation improves ventricular tachycardia ablation outcome after myocardial infarction. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4:316–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Acosta J, Andreu D, Penela D, et al. Elucidation of hidden slow conduction by double ventricular extrastimuli: a method for further arrhythmic substrate identification in ventricular tachycardia ablation procedures. Europace. 2018;20:337–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sapp JL, Wells GA, Parkash R, et al. Ventricular tachycardia ablation versus escalation of antiarrhythmic drugs. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:111–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lima da Silva G, Nunes-Ferreira A, Cortez-Dias N, de Sousa J, Pinto FJ, Caldeira D. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in ischemic heart disease in light of current practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Interv Cardiac Electrophysiol. 2020;59:603–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lee DS, Gona P, Albano I, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Kannel WB, Vasan RS. A systematic assessment of causes of death after heart failure onset in the community. Circ Heart Fail. 2011;4:36–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Calkins H, Epstein A, Packer D, et al. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease using cooled radiofrequency energy results of a prospective multicenter study. Cooled RF Multi Center Investigators Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(7):1905–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00615-x.

  40. Stevenson WG, Wilber DJ, Natale A, et al. Irrigated radiofrequency catheter ablation guided by electroanatomic mapping for recurrent ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction the multicenter thermocool ventricular tachycardia ablation trial. Circulation. 2008;118:2773–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Reddy VY, Reynolds MR, Neuzil P, et al. Prophylactic catheter ablation for the prevention of defibrillator therapy. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(26):2657–65. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa065457.

  42. Kuck KH, Schaumann A, Eckardt L, Willems S, Ventura R, Delacrétaz E, Pitschner HF, Kautzner J, Schumacher B, Hansen PS. Catheter ablation of stable ventricular tachycardia before defibrillator implantation in patients with coronary heart disease (VTACH): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375:31–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kuck KH, Tilz RR, Deneke T, Hoffmann BA, Ventura R, Hansen PS, Zarse M, Hohnloser SH, Kautzner J, Willems S. Impact of substrate modification by catheter ablation on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator interventions in patients with unstable ventricular arrhythmias and coronary artery disease: Results from the multicenter randomized controlled SMS (Substrate Modification Study). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Willems S, Tilz RR, Steven D, et al. Preventive or deferred ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and implantable defibrillator (Berlin VT): a multicenter randomized trial. Circulation. 2020;141(13):1057–1067. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043400.

  45. •• Della Bella P, Baratto F, Vergara P, et al. Does timing of ventricular tachycardia ablation affect prognosis in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator? Results from the multicenter randomized PARTITA trial. Circulation. 2022;145:1829–38. First trial to demonstrate a prognostic benefit of VT ablation in ischemic heart disease.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. •• Tung R, Xue Y, Chen M, et al. First-line catheter ablation of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in cardiomyopathy concurrent with defibrillator implantation: the PAUSE-SCD randomized trial. Circulation. 2022;145:1839–49. Another trial demonstrated a prognostic benefit of VT ablation in Ischemic and No-Ischemic heart disease.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. •• Arenal Á, Ávila P, Jiménez-Candil J, et al. Substrate ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug therapy for symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79:1441–53. Another trial demonstrated a prognostic benefit of VT ablation in Ischemic and heart disease.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Roca-Luque I, Mont-Girbau L. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation and Risk Stratification. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.797864.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Kim RJ, Fieno DS, Todd B, et al. Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function. Circulation. 1999;100(19):1992–2002. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.100.19.1992.

  50. Perez-David E, Arenal Á, Rubio-Guivernau JL, et al. Noninvasive identification of ventricular tachycardia-related conducting channels using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with chronic myocardial infarction: Comparison of signal intensity scar mapping and endocardial voltage mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:184–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Andreu D, Berruezo A, Ortiz-Pérez JT, et al. Integration of 3D electroanatomic maps and magnetic resonance scar characterization into the navigation system to guide ventricular tachycardia ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2011;4:674–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. • Sánchez-Somonte P, Quinto L, Garre P, et al. Scar channels in cardiac magnetic resonance to predict appropriate therapies in primary prevention. Heart Rhythm. 2021;18:1336–43. Demonstration of how CMR could predict appropriate therapies in primart prevention.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. • Quinto L, Sanchez P, Alarcón F, et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance to predict recurrences after ventricular tachycardia ablation: septal involvement, transmural channels, and left ventricular mass. Europace. 2021;23:1437–45. Demonstration of how CMR could predict recurrence after VT ablation.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. • Sanchez-Somonte P, Garre P, Vázquez-Calvo S, et al. Scar conducting channel characterization to predict arrhythmogenicity during ventricular tachycardia ablation. Europace. 2023;25:989–99. Pre-procedural CMR substrate evaluation could predict the arrhythmogenity of a determined conductive channel during VT ablation.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. •• Soto-Iglesias D, Penela D, Jáuregui B, et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance-guided ventricular tachycardia substrate ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020;6:436–47. CMR substrate evaluation could be useful to aid and guide VT ablation.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. • Vázquez-Calvo S, Casanovas JM, Garre P, et al. Evolution of deceleration zones during ventricular tachycardia ablation and relation with cardiac magnetic resonance. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2022.12.015. New deceleration zones could appear after the first ablation set, especially among CMR identified channels.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Singh A, Kawaji K, Goyal N, et al. Feasibility of cardiac magnetic resonance wideband protocol in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators and its utility for defining scar. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123:1329–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Conte E, Mushtaq S, Carbucicchio C, et al. State of the art paper: cardiovascular CT for planning ventricular tachycardia ablation procedures. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021;15:394–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Gerber BL, Belge B, Legros GJ, Lim P, Poncelet A, Pasquet A, Gisellu G, Coche E, Vanoverschelde JLJ. Characterization of acute and chronic myocardial infarcts by multidetector computed tomography: comparison with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance. Circulation. 2006;113:823–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Di Cesare E, Carbone I, Carriero A, et al. Indicazioni cliniche per l’utilizzo della tomografia computerizzata del cuore. A cura del gruppo di lavoro della Sezione di Cardio-Radiologia della Società Italiana di Radiologia Medica (SIRM). Radiologia Medica. 2012;117:901–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Palmisano A, Vignale D, Benedetti G, Del Maschio A, De Cobelli F, Esposito A. Late iodine enhancement cardiac computed tomography for detection of myocardial scars: impact of experience in the clinical practice. Radiologia Medica. 2020;125:128–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Takigawa M, Duchateau J, Sacher F, et al. Are wall thickness channels defined by computed tomography predictive of isthmuses of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia? Heart Rhythm. 2019;16:1661–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Qiu J, Dai M, Bai Y, Chen G. Potential application of pulsed field ablation in ventricular arrhythmias. Medicina (Lithuania). 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040723.

  64. Verma A, Haines DE, Boersma LV, et al. Pulsed field ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: PULSED AF pivotal trial. Circulation. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.123.063988.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Ekanem E, Reddy VY, Schmidt B, et al. Multi-national survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety on the post-approval clinical use of pulsed field ablation (MANIFEST-PF). Europace. 2022;24:1256–66.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Neven K, Van Driel V, Van Wessel H, Van Es R, Doevendans PA, Wittkampf F. Myocardial lesion size after epicardial electroporation catheter ablation after subxiphoid puncture. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014;7:728–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Koruth JS, Kuroki K, Iwasawa J, Viswanathan R, Brose R, Buck ED, Donskoy E, Dukkipati SR, Reddy VY. Endocardial ventricular pulsed field ablation: a proof-of-concept preclinical evaluation. Europace. 2020;22:434–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Il IS, Higuchi S, Lee A, Stillson C, Buck E, Morrow B, Schenider K, Speltz M, Gerstenfeld EP. Pulsed field ablation of left ventricular myocardium in a swine infarct model. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2022;8:722–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. •• Ouss A, van Stratum L, van der Voort P, Dekker L. First in human pulsed field ablation to treat scar-related ventricular tachycardia in ischemic heart disease: a case report. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-022-01407-6. First in human Pulsed Field ablation realized in scar-related VT ablation.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Lozano-Granero C, Hirokami J, Franco E, Tohoku S, Matía-Francés R, Schmidt B, Hernández-Madrid A, Zamorano Gómez JL, Moreno J, Chun J. Case series of ventricular tachycardia ablation with pulsed-field ablation: pushing technology further (into the ventricle). JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2023.03.024.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kuck KH, Brugada J, Fürnkranz A, et al. Cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2016;36:393–4.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Rivera S, De La Paz RM, Tomas L, et al. Results of cryoenergy and radiofrequency-based catheter ablation for treating ventricular arrhythmias arising from the papillary muscles of the left ventricle, guided by intracardiac echocardiography and image integration. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.115.003874.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. De Potter T, Klaver M, Babkin A, Iliodromitis K, Hocini M, Cox J, Boersma L. Ultra-low temperature cryoablation for atrial fibrillation: primary outcomes for efficacy and safety: the Cryocure-2 study. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2022;8:1034–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Klaver MN, De Potter TJR, Iliodromitis K, Babkin A, Cabrita D, Fabbricatore D, Boersma LVA. Ultralow temperature cryoablation using near-critical nitrogen for cavotricuspid isthmus-ablation, first-in-human results. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021;32:2025–32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Bourier F, Takigawa M, Lam A, et al. Ultralow temperature cryoablation: safety and efficacy of preclinical atrial and ventricular lesions. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021;32:570–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. •• De Potter T, Balt JC, Boersma L, Sacher F, Neuzil P, Reddy V, Grigorov I, Verma A. First-in-human experience with ultra-low temperature cryoablation for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2022.11.017. First in human use of ULTC to treat monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Vázquez-Calvo S, Roca-Luque I, Althoff TF. Management of ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2023;20:237–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funding was received for this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer de Villaroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Pasquale Valerio Falzone, Sara Vazquez-Calvo & Ivo Roca-Luque

  2. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

    Pasquale Valerio Falzone, Sara Vazquez-Calvo & Ivo Roca-Luque

  3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain

    Ivo Roca-Luque

Authors
  1. Pasquale Valerio Falzone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara Vazquez-Calvo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ivo Roca-Luque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors whose names appear on the submission made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work; drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; approved the version to be published; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivo Roca-Luque.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Falzone, P.V., Vazquez-Calvo, S. & Roca-Luque, I. Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Ischemic Heart Disease: What Is Known and New Perspectives. Curr Heart Fail Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-024-00656-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-024-00656-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation