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Gastroduodenal Injury: Role of Protective Factors

  • Stomach and Duodenum (J Pisegna and J Benhammou, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The gastroduodenal mucosal layer is a complex and dynamic system that functions in an interdependent manner to resist injury. We review and summarize the most updated knowledge about gastroduodenal defense mechanisms and specifically address (a) the mucous barrier, (b) membrane and cellular properties, and vascular, hormonal, and (c) gaseous mediators.

Recent Findings

Trefoil factor family peptides play a crucial role in cellular restitution by increasing cellular permeability and expression of aquaporin channels, aiding cellular migration and tissue repair. Additionally, evidence suggests that the symptoms of functional dyspepsia may be attributed to alterations in the duodenum, including low-grade inflammation and increased mucosal permeability.

Summary

The interaction of the various mucosal protective components helps maintain structural and functional homeostasis. There is increasing evidence suggesting that the upper GI microbiota plays a crucial role in the defense mechanisms. However, this warrants further investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA

    Gian M. Galura, Luis O. Chavez & Alejandro Robles

  2. Department of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA

    Richard McCallum

Authors
  1. Gian M. Galura
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  2. Luis O. Chavez
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  3. Alejandro Robles
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  4. Richard McCallum
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Correspondence to Richard McCallum.

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Galura, G.M., Chavez, L.O., Robles, A. et al. Gastroduodenal Injury: Role of Protective Factors. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 21, 34 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-019-0701-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-019-0701-x

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