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Diabetes, SGLT-2 Inhibitors, and Urinary Tract Infection: a Review

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The aim of this review is to focus on epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, management, and complications of UTI in people with diabetes as well as reviewing the association of SGLT-2 inhibitors with genitourinary infections.

Recent Findings

Individuals diagnosed with T2DM are more prone to experiencing UTIs and recurrent UTIs compared to individuals without T2DM. T2DM is associated with an increased risk of any genitourinary infections (GUI), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and genital infections (GIs) across all age categories. SGLT2 inhibitors are a relatively new class of anti-hyperglycemic agents, and studies suggest that they are associated with an increased risk of genitourinary infections. The management of diabetes and lifestyle modifications with a patient-centric approach are the most recognized methods for preventing critical long-term complications including genitourinary manifestations of diabetes.

Summary

The available data regarding the association of SGLT-2 inhibitors with genitourinary infections is more comprehensive compared to that with UTIs. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlining the association between SGLT-2 inhibitors and genital infections and UTIs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Reza Pishdad & Rita R. Kalyani

  2. Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Paul G. Auwaerter

  3. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Reza Pishdad

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RP: conceptualization, review of literature, writing—original draft preparation; PA: conceptualization, editing; RK: conceptualization, draft preparation, editing.

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Pishdad, R., Auwaerter, P.G. & Kalyani, R.R. Diabetes, SGLT-2 Inhibitors, and Urinary Tract Infection: a Review. Curr Diab Rep 24, 108–117 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-024-01537-3

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