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Resistant Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus

  • Microvascular Complications—Nephropathy (B Roshan, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Resistant hypertension in diabetes is associated with poor cardiovascular and renal outcomes. This brief review will examine the definitions and epidemiology of resistant hypertension and consider the differences between apparent resistant hypertension and truly resistant or refractory hypertension. It will review the role of the sympathetic nervous system in resistant hypertension. It will consider the relationship between obesity and leptin resistance and sympathetic signaling; the role of obstructive sleep apnea in resistant hypertension; and the role of aldosterone in resistant hypertension. It will conclude by mentioning briefly renal nerve ablation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Diane Young, research librarian, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, for her expert assistance, and the Pat Covelli Foundation for its generous support.

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

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Conflict of Interest

George Bayliss and Larry A. Weinrauch declare that they have no conflict of interest. John A. D’Elia has received grant support from the Pat Covelli Foundation, Amgen Corp., and Bayer Laboratories as investigator-initiated research.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital, APC 9, 593 Eddy St., Providence, RI, 02906, USA

    George Bayliss

  2. Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    George Bayliss

  3. Joslin Diabetes Center and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Larry A. Weinrauch & John A. D’Elia

  4. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Larry A. Weinrauch & John A. D’Elia

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  1. George Bayliss
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  2. Larry A. Weinrauch
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  3. John A. D’Elia
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Correspondence to George Bayliss.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Microvascular Complications—Nephropathy

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Bayliss, G., Weinrauch, L.A. & D’Elia, J.A. Resistant Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 14, 516 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0516-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0516-y

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