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Preventing Diabetes and Atherosclerosis in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome

  • Cardiometabolic Disease and Treatment (E. Brinton, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Atherosclerosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cardiometabolic syndrome is characterized by abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. There is a growing burden of cardiometabolic disease in many parts of the world. This review highlights the critical preventive and therapeutic measures that need to be implemented to reduce the impact of cardiometabolic syndrome on cardiovascular health.

Recent Findings

Recent cardiovascular outcome trials demonstrated that newer glucose-lowering medications reduce cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These medications should be considered in patients with T2DM and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These novel drugs may also play a role in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal disease in high-risk patients without T2DM. To manage dyslipidemia associated with cardiometabolic syndrome, in addition to lifestyle interventions and statin therapy, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9), inhibitors can be used to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (MACE) especially in patients with T2DM and coronary artery disease (CAD). The residual risk of MACE in such a high-risk population can be further mitigated by treatment with an omega-3 fatty acid such as icosapent ethyl.

Summary

Lifestyle modifications and the use of proven pharmacological therapies are essential for the prevention and progression of diabetes and ASCVD in those with the cardiometabolic syndrome.

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  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital Medicine, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, 225 Williamson St, Elizabeth City, NJ, 07202, USA

    Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad

  2. Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Michael D. Shapiro

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Ahmad, M.I., Shapiro, M.D. Preventing Diabetes and Atherosclerosis in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Curr Atheroscler Rep 23, 16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-021-00913-8

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