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Remodeling and Repair in Rhinosinusitis

  • Rhinosinusitis (J Mullol, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Remodeling refers to the development of specific but potentially irreversible structural changes in tissue. Caucasian eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with polyps associated or not with cystic fibrosis was discriminated by edema from CRS without nasal polyps, characterized by extensive fibrotic fields. However, changes in epithelial and extracellular matrix structures are common findings in all types of chronic inflammatory diseases of upper airways, but rarely specific and highly variable in extend. Recent studies have shown that remodeling in CRS appears to occur in parallel, rather than purely subsequent to inflammation. Furthermore, some preferential remodeling associations can be recognized. Tremendous efforts have been put in research on coagulation factors, cytokines, growth factors, and proteases supporting all phases of upper airway remodeling. The current exploration of other CRS sub-groups and of the particular link with concomitant asthma aims to optimize the classification of CRS and its staging modes and to develop novel therapies.

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Abbreviations

BM:

Basement membrane

CF-NP:

Cystic fibrosis nasal polyps

CRS:

Chronic rhinosinusitis

CRSsNP:

Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps

CRSwNP:

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

CT scan:

Computed tomography scanning

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ECP:

Eosinophil cationic protein

FXIII-A:

Coagulation factor XIII

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

fMLP:

Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine

FOXP3:

Forkhead box P3

FPR:

N-formyl peptide receptor

IL:

Interleukin

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinases

PAI-1:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

PAR-1:

Protease activator receptor-1

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

TAT:

Thrombin-antithrombin complex

TIMP:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases

TGF-beta1:

Transforming growth factor beta 1

tPA:

Tissue plasminogen activator

uPAR:

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Conflict of Interest

Jean-Baptiste Watelet, Jean-Michel Dogne, and François Mullier declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan, 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Jean-Baptiste Watelet

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Place du palais de justice, 5000, Namur, Belgium

    Jean-Michel Dogne

  3. Laboratory of Hematology-Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, CHU Dinant Godinne UcL Namur, Avenue Thérasse, 1, 5530, Yvoir, Belgium

    François Mullier

Authors
  1. Jean-Baptiste Watelet
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  2. Jean-Michel Dogne
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  3. François Mullier
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Correspondence to Jean-Baptiste Watelet.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Rhinosinusitis

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Watelet, JB., Dogne, JM. & Mullier, F. Remodeling and Repair in Rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 15, 34 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-015-0531-3

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