Abstract
Identifying genes that influence susceptibility to asthmarelated and atopy-related phenotypes has been challenging, owing to clinical heterogeneity and a complex underlying genetic architecture that includes both gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. In this article, we report the results of genome-wide linkage and association studies of eight asthma-associated quantitative traits in the Hutterites, a founder population of European descent. Our study revealed significant sex-specific genetic architecture for at least five of these traits, and identified 13 genome-wide significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) by linkage or association that are present in only one of the sexes (nine in males, four in females).
Similar content being viewed by others
References and Recommended Reading
von MutiusE, Braun-Fahrlander C, Schierl R, et al.: Exposure to endotoxin or other bacterial components might protect against the development of atopy. Clin Exp Allergy 2000, 30:1230–1234.
von Mutius E, Martinez FD, Fritzsch C, et al.: Skin test reactivity and number of siblings. BMJ 1994, 308:692–695.
Wickens KL, Crane J, Kemp TJ, et al.: Family size, infections, and asthma prevalence in New Zealand children. Epidemiology 1999, 10:699–705.
Ball TM, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Griffith KA, et al.: Siblings, day-care attendance, and the risk of asthma and wheezing during childhood. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:538–543.
Le Moual N, Siroux V, Pin I, et al.: Asthma severity and exposure to occupational asthmogens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 172:440–445.
Burr ML, Butland BK, King S, Vaughan-Williams E: Changes in asthma prevalence: two surveys 15 years apart. Arch Dis Child 1989, 64:1452–1456.
Beasley R: The burden of asthma with specific reference to the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002, 109:S482-S489.
Bach JF: The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:911–920.
Meyers DA, Marsh DG: Allergy and asthma. In The Genetic Basis of Common Diseases. Edited by King RA, Rotter JI, Motulsky AG. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992:130–149.
Ober C, Hoffjan S: Asthma genetics 2006: the long and winding road to gene discovery. Genes Immun 2006 [E-pub ahead of print]. A comprehensive, recent review of association studies of asthma and atopy phenotypes.
Ober C: Perspectives on the past decade of asthma genetics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005, 116:274–278.
Ober C, Thompson EE: Rethinking genetic models of asthma: the role of environmental modifiers. Curr Opin Immunol 2005, 17:670–678.
Mackay TF: The genetic architecture of quantitative traits: lessons from Drosophila. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2004, 14:253–257.
Korstanje R, Li R, Howard T, et al.: Influence of sex and diet on quantitative trait loci for HDL cholesterol levels in an SM/J by NZB/BlNJ intercross population. J Lipid Res 2004, 45:881–888.
Ueno T, Tremblay J, Kunes J, et al.: Rat model of familial combined hyperlipidemia as a result of comparative mapping. Physiol Genomics 2004, 17:38–47.
Martin AO: The founder effect in a human isolate: evolutionary implications. Am J Phys Anthropol 1970, 32:351–368.
Steinberg AG, Bleibtreu HK, Kurczynski TW, et al.: Genetic studies in an inbred human isolate. In Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Human Genetics. Edited by Crow JF, Neel JV. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1967:267–290.
Ober C, Abney M, McPeek MS: The genetic dissection of complex traits in a founder population. Am J Hum Genet 2001, 69:1068–1079.
Ober C, Cox N, Parry R, et al.: Genome-wide search for asthma susceptibility loci in a founder population. Hum Mol Genet 1998, 7:1393–1398.
Ober C, Tsalenko A, Parry R, Cox NJ: A second generation genome-wide screen for asthma susceptibility alleles in a founder population. Am J Hum Genet 2000, 67:1154–1162.
Ober C, Tsalenko A, Willadsen SA, et al.: Genome-wide screen for atopy susceptibility alleles in the Hutterites. Clin Exp Allergy (Supp) 1999, 4:11–15.
CSGA: A genome-wide search for asthma susceptibility loci in ethnically diverse populations. Nat Genet 1997, 15:389–392.
Lester LA, Rich SS, Blumenthal MN, et al.: Ethnic differences in asthma and associated phenotypes: Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001, 108:357–362.
Koppelman GH, Stine OC, Xu J, et al.: Genome-wide search for atopy susceptibility genes in Dutch families with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002, 109:498–506.
Bourgain C, Hoffjan S, Nicolae R, et al.: Novel case-control test in a founder population identifies p-selectin as an atopy-susceptibility locus. Am J Hum Genet 2003, 73:612–626.
Chan A, Newman DL, Shon M, Ober C: Variation in the type I interferon gene cluster on 9p21 influences susceptibility to asthma and atopy. Genes Immun 2006, [E-pub ahead of print].
Donfack J, Kogut P, Forsythe S, et al.: Sequence variation in the promoter region of the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 gene and asthma and atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003, 111:527–532.
Donfack J, Schneider D, Tan Z, et al.: Variation in conserved non-coding sequences on chromosome 51 and susceptibility to asthma and atopy. Resp Res 2005, 6:145.
Donfack J, Tsalenko A, Hoki DM, et al.: HLA-DRB1*01 alleles and sensitization to cockroach allergies. JACI 2000, 105:960–966.
Weiss LA, Lester LA, Gern JE, et al.: Variation in ITGB3 is associated with asthma and sensitization to mold allergen in four populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 172:67–73.
Zhang J, Schneider D, Ober C, McPeek MS: Multilocus linkage disequilibrium mapping by the decay of haplotype sharing with samples of related individuals. Genet Epidemiol 2005, 29:128–140.
Abney M, Ober C, McPeek MS: Quantitative trait homozygosity and association mapping and empirical genome-wide significance in large complex pedigrees: fasting serum insulin level in the Hutterites. Am J Hum Genet 2002, 70:920–934.
Kurina LM, Weiss LA, Graves SW, et al.: Sex differences in the genetic basis of morning serum cortisol levels: genome-wide screen identifies two novel loci specific to women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:4747–4752.
Newman DL, Abney M, Dytch H, et al.: Major loci influencing serum triglyceride levels on 2q14 and 9p21 localized by homozygosity-by-descent mapping in a large Hutterite pedigree. Hum Mol Genet 2003, 12:137–144.
Weiss LA, Veenstra-Vanderweele J, Newman DL, et al.: Genomewide association study identifies ITGB3 as a QTL for whole blood serotonin. Eur J Hum Genet 2004, 12:949–954.
Weiss LA, Abney M, Cook EH Jr, Ober C: Sex-specific genetic architecture of whole blood serotonin levels. Am J Hum Genet 2005, 76:33–41.
Weiss LA, Pan L, Abney M, Ober C: The sex-specific genetic architecture of quantitative traits in humans. Nat Genet 2006, 38:218–222. The first demonstration of extensive sex-specific genetic architecture and genotype-sex interactions for a spectrum of human quantitative traits.
Abney M, McPeek MS, Ober C: Estimation of variance components of quantitative traits in inbred populations. Am J Hum Genet 2000, 66:629–650.
Postma DS, Meyers DA, Jongepier H, et al.: Genomewide screen for pulmonary function in 200 families ascertained for asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 172:446–452.
Choudhry S, Avila PC, Nazario S, et al.: CD14 tobacco gene-environment interaction modifies asthma severity and immunoglobulin E levels in Latinos with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 172:173–182.
Colilla S, Nicolae D, Pluzhnikov A, et al.: Evidence for geneenvironment interactions in a linkage study of asthma and smoking exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003, 111:840–846.
Hoffjan S, Nicolae D, Ostrovnaya I, et al.: Gene-environment interaction effects on the development of immune responses in the 1st year of life. Am J Hum Genet 2005, 76:696–704.
Eder W, Klimecki W, Yu L, et al.: Opposite effects of CD 14/-260 on serum IgE levels in children raised in different environments. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005, 116:601–607.
Meyers DA, Postma DS, Stine OC, et al.: Genome screen for asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness: interactions with passive smoke exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005, 115:1169–1175.
Werner M, Topp R, Wimmer K, et al.: TLR4 gene variants modify endotoxin effects on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003, 112:323–330.
Zambelli-Weiner A, Ehrlich E, Stockton ML, et al.: Evaluation of the CD14/-260 polymorphism and house dust endotoxin exposure in the Barbados Asthma Genetics Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005, 115:1203–1209.
Rinn JL, Snyder M: Sexual dimorphism in mammalian gene expression. Trends Genet 2005, 21:298–305. Review of evidence for sex-specific gene expression in mammals.
Kong A, Gudbjartsson DF, Sainz J, et al.: A high-resolution recombination map of the human genome. Nat Genet 2002, 31:241–247.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ober, C., Pan, L., Phillips, N. et al. Sex-specific genetic architecture of asthma-associated quantitative trait loci in a founder population. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 6, 241–246 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-006-0041-4
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-006-0041-4