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The impact of coastal erosion on land cover changes in Muaragembong, Bekasi, Indonesia: a spatial approach to support coastal conservation

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Abstract

Muaragembong is a Citarum River estuarine ecosystem that has a lowland coast, a delta environment, tidal mudflats, and mangroves along the coast. Muaragembong has recently experienced severe coastal erosion in the last decade due to mainly rapid land cover changes in coastal areas, generating sediment imbalances and diminishing coastal resistance to wave action. In this study, the combination of multispectral bands from Landsat images and GIS approaches supported by ground observation was used to determine satellite-based coastline and land cover changes from 1990 to 2020. With a maximum rate of 132.55 m/year, Desa Pantai Bahagia is the most vulnerable area to coastal erosion. Meanwhile, coastal accretion has occurred at Desa Harapanjaya on a constant basis, with a peak accretion rate of 52.13 m/year. The combined extents of eroded and accreted shorelines along the coast of Muaragembong are approximately − 1,707.09 and + 512.14 hectares, respectively. Since the 1980s, the extensive clearance of mangroves for shrimp and fish ponds, along with the decreased sediment input into the estuary due to dam construction, are likely to have had a significant impact on coastal erosion in Muaragembong. Since current measures are insufficient to deal with ongoing coastal erosion, a comprehensive approach and long-term solutions are required for sustainable coastal zone management. This study provides a detailed analysis of shoreline changes over the last three decades and their impact on land cover change, enabling conservation practitioners to allocate their resources more wisely and efficiently to the most critical and prioritized coastal conservation regions.

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Acknowledgements

This study is a contribution to the Program PDKN-Nusantara Research Grant to RR number 083/E5/PG.02.00.PT/2022, Research grant of the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) of Republic Indonesia to DDS number 6/III.4/HK/2022 in the 2022 fiscal year entitled “Model of Citarum Watershed Management for Mitigating Coastal Degradation and Water Security”. TS, KT, RR, and SH, are the main contributors. FAP, HLS, AH, and DDS, are the member contributors of this paper. TS contributed to the planning, conception, directing, evaluating, and rewriting of the whole manuscript. KT contributed to the DSAS modeling analysis. RR contributed to the final draft review, editing, and improving the draft. SH contributed to the coastal structure identification and conservation initiatives. FAP and HLS contributed to the GIS analysis and figure layout. AH and DDS contributed to the analysis of upstream-downstream processes. Special thanks go to Dede M. Sulaiman for providing HE structure photos.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Climate and Atmospheric Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia

    Tubagus Solihuddin

  2. Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Karlina Triana

  3. Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

    Rima Rachmayani

  4. Research Center for Geological Disasters, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia

    Semeidi Husrin

  5. Geomatics Engineering, Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia

    Fajar Adi Pramudya

  6. Research Center for Marine and Inland Water Resources Conservation, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia

    Hadiwijaya Lesmana Salim, Aida Heriati & Devi Dwiyanti Suryono

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  1. Tubagus Solihuddin
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Solihuddin, T., Triana, K., Rachmayani, R. et al. The impact of coastal erosion on land cover changes in Muaragembong, Bekasi, Indonesia: a spatial approach to support coastal conservation. J Coast Conserv 28, 43 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-024-01045-2

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