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Undetected non-indigenous species in the Sado estuary (Portugal), a coastal system under the pressure of multiple vectors of introduction

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Abstract

Research effort concerning biological invasions has increased significantly but the pressure of multiple vectors of introduction (MVI) on coastal areas is still poorly understood. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive list of non-indigenous species (NIS) occurring in the Sado estuary, identify and prioritize MVI to deliver recommendations for bioinvasions management. Fouling communities were sampled in five artificial systems during 2021 and 2022. Additionally, a thorough literature review was performed to provide a comprehensive NIS database for the Sado estuary. Native distribution of NIS was classified based on biogeographic realms and the most likely pathways and vectors of introduction were assigned to each introduction. A total of 52 NIS were catalogued, predominantly arthropods, 22% of which were reported until 2005, while 40% were recorded in the last 2 years. We also reported four new NIS to Portugal. Most NIS were native from the Temperate Northern Pacific and the Temperate Northern Atlantic. Shipping related vectors were dominant (61%). Aquaculture was not directly linked to many invasions (8%), however contaminants on animals was the second most significant vector (23%). Our results highlight the need for managing MVI in locations that may act as invasion hotspots. Additionally, it provides support for future policy and management measures by identifying areas that are vulnerable to biological invasions. The introduction of NIS is an important driver of changes on biodiversity, and it should be included as a key element for the creation of an integrated management tool for the Sado estuary.

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Data availability

The dataset was sent to “Coastnet”, an open access platform, where it is available for researchers or ordinary citizen to consult and use (http://geoportal.coastnet.pt/).

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Acknowledgements

The research leading to this work was funded and supported by the “Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal (IPS)”, through the project “GI4SADO - Development of an Integrated Management Model as a Support Tool for the Governance of the Sado Estuary” awarded to CINEA. Inês Afonso was funded by the FCT research grant SFRH/BD/145746/2019. Paula Chainho was supported by FCT through the strategic project UIDB/04292/2020 awarded to MARE, project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET and by 2020.01797.CEECIND. The authors are also thankful to Cátia Santos and Gilda Silva, who assisted us in species identification, Clement Berlioz for the help during field work, Hélio Furtado, João Duarte, Nuno de Almeida, and António Miguel Claro for granting access to Setubal’s aquaculture facilities and ports.

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  1. CINEA and ESTS, IPS – Energy and Environment Research Center, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Estefanilha, 2910-761, Setúbal, Portugal

    Romeu S. Ribeiro, Ana M. T. Mata, Ricardo Salgado, Vasco Gandra & Paula Chainho

  2. MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1740-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Romeu S. Ribeiro, Inês Afonso, Maria Ana Dionísio & Paula Chainho

  3. iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal

    Ana M. T. Mata

  4. Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal

    Ana M. T. Mata

  5. LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Ricardo Salgado

  6. ESTS-IPS, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Estefanilha, 2910-761, Setúbal, Portugal

    Dina Galhanas & Maria Ana Dionísio

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Ribeiro, R.S., Mata, A.M.T., Salgado, R. et al. Undetected non-indigenous species in the Sado estuary (Portugal), a coastal system under the pressure of multiple vectors of introduction. J Coast Conserv 27, 53 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-023-00979-3

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