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Modeling job effectiveness in the context of coming out as a sexual minority: a socio-cognitive model

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Abstract

Previous literature describes “coming out of the closet” as an important job career issue that is conducive to personal stress and job effectiveness in business firms. Previous research of human resources and organizational behavior has rarely assessed homosexual employees’ coming out and their job effectiveness. This study aims to complement previous research by proposing and testing a research model of job effectiveness of homosexual workers based on social cognitive theory. In the model, job effectiveness is indirectly affected by disclosure self-efficacy, disclosure outcome expectation, and social support via the mediation of disclosure, stress, and job advancement satisfaction. Empirical tests from a preliminary survey of 319 gay and lesbian adults in Taiwan are conducted herein, their results are presented, and managerial implications and limitations of this study are provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Finance, Chihlee Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

    Yuan-Hui Tsai

  2. Department of Business Administration, Vanung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC

    Sheng-Wuu Joe

  3. Graduate School of Technological and Vocational Education, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC

    Wei-Te Liu

  4. Institute of Business and Management, National Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

    Chieh-Peng Lin & Chiao-Chih Tang

  5. Graduate Institute of Business Administration, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

    Chou-Kang Chiu

Authors
  1. Yuan-Hui Tsai
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  2. Sheng-Wuu Joe
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  3. Wei-Te Liu
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  4. Chieh-Peng Lin
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  5. Chou-Kang Chiu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chou-Kang Chiu.

Appendix: Measurement items

Appendix: Measurement items

Job effectiveness (Source: Janssen and Van Yperen 2004)

JE1:

I always complete the duties specified in my job description

JE2:

I meet all the formal performance requirements of the job

JE3:

I fulfill all responsibilities required by my job

JE4:

I never neglect aspects of the job that I am obligated to perform

Relationship stress (Source: Bancroft 1993; Nagurney 2007)

Overall, I have felt stressful in the job, because of my:

PP1:

Relations with close friends

PP2:

Social life

PP3:

Sexual lifestyle

Disclosure (Source: Mohr and Fassinger 2003)

Use the following rating scale to indicate how open you are about your sexual orientation to the people listed below.

DE1:

Heterosexual friends

DE2:

Work peers

DE3:

Work supervisor(s)

Disclosure outcome expectation (Source: Riggs and Knight 1994)

Think about the results of coming out from the closet.

OE1:

If I come out of the closet, I expect to be still well-rewarded for my good work

OE2:

If I come out of the closet, the way to get ahead for me in the firm will not be negatively affected

OE3:

In the firm, such things as salary and promotions are determined by how well a person does his or her job and are not negatively affected by his or her homosexual identity

OE4:

My work evaluations are accurate with or without my coming out of the closet

Social support (Source: Schepers et al. 2008)

POS1:

My supervisor appreciates any extra effort from me

POS2:

My supervisor shows a lot of concern for me

POS3:

My co-workers appreciate any extra effort from me

POS4:

My co-workers show a lot of concern for me

Disclosure self-efficacy (Source: Mosley et al. 2008)

Even if I choose to come out of the closet:

SE1:

I am confident in still maintaining the quality demands of the job

SE2:

I am confident in still correcting the mistakes in my work

SE3:

I am confident in still following all of the safety rules on the job

SE4:

I am confident in still keeping up with the operational pace of my firm

Job advancement satisfaction (Source: Greenhaus et al. 1990)

CS1:

I am satisfied with the job success I have achieved in my career

CS2:

I am satisfied with the progress I have made toward meeting my goals for job advancement

CS3:

I am satisfied with the progress I have made toward meeting my goals for the development of new job skills

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Tsai, YH., Joe, SW., Liu, WT. et al. Modeling job effectiveness in the context of coming out as a sexual minority: a socio-cognitive model. Rev Manag Sci 9, 197–218 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-014-0125-9

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