Abstract
Introduction
Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is one of the genuine orthopaedic emergencies. Diagnosis of acute CES is challenging and may be missed, resulting in considerable medicolegal claims. In Ireland, nearly €21 million in compensation has been paid out over a 10-year period due to the diagnosis being missed. As a result, defensive practices have resulted in an increased number of referrals for CES to the on-call orthopaedic service in a major trauma unit.
Methods
A prospective data-capturing exercise was carried out of all referrals for acute CES to the orthopaedic on-call department in a tertiary-level university-affiliated teaching hospital between August and November 2023. Qualitative data was captured including referral source, referring clinician grade, in-hours or out-of-hours referral, MRI on referral, red flags as identified by the referring team, red flags as identified by the orthopaedic team, and outcome.
Results
Forty referrals for CES were made over the duration of this audit. Seventeen (42.5%) referrals were made in-hours, and 23 (57.5%) were referred out-of-hours. Only five (12.5%) of these referrals had an MRI done at the time of the referral. No patients were transferred for an out-of-hours MRI to another hospital. Only five (12.5%) patients required surgical decompression—none of these patients required an out-of-hours emergent decompression.
Conclusion
There is a lack of understanding as to what exactly is being referred—resulting in a referral volume which is over ten times the expected number of CES cases being made to our unit. The lack of out-of-hours MRI access poses a significant concern for patient outcomes.
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Data availability
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the ‘Clinical Audit’ review board in our hospital and permission was granted to carry out this audit (submission number 3236).
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No patient consent was required for this audit as no identifying or personal information was included.
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Keohane, D., McGoldrick, N.P. & Quinlan, J.F. A prospective review of Cauda Equina Syndrome referrals received by an on-call orthopaedic department at a major trauma unit. Ir J Med Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-024-03678-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-024-03678-6