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The Linkage Between Electro-Chemical Mechanical Instabilities in Battery Materials

  • Mechanistic Interactions in Energy Storage
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Abstract

Battery chemistry must be diversified to achieve a sustainable energy landscape by effectively utilizing renewable energy sources. Alkali metal-ion, all-solid-state, metal–air batteries, and multivalent batteries offer unique cost, safety, raw material abundance, energy, and power density solutions. However, realizing these “beyond Li-ion batteries” must uncover their working principles and performance & property relationships. In this aspect, mitigating chemo-mechanical instabilities in the structure and surface of the electrodes plays a crucial role in their performance. Unfortunately, the coupling between electrochemical and mechanical interactions is often poorly understood due to a lack of operando characterization. This review article explains the working principles of curvature measurement and digital image correlation for measuring stress and strain generations in battery materials. We provided specific examples of how these operando mechanical measurements shed light on instabilities in alkali metal ion electrodes, solid electrolytes, Li-O2 batteries, and aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Operando mechanical measurements offer an effective way to map changes in the physical fingerprint of the battery materials, therefore providing crucial information to elucidate instabilities in battery materials.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Özgür Çapraz is thankful for the financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (Award Number DE-SC0021251) on the alkali-metal ion battery research, National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program (Award Number 2142726) on the instabilities in transmission metal oxide cathodes for Na-ion battery research, Binational Science Foundation (Award Number 2018327) on the Li-O2 battery research and NASA (Award Number 80NSSC19M0058 ) on the solid-state battery research.

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  1. Minal Wable and Bret Marckx have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. The School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Minal Wable & Bret Marckx

  2. Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Maryland – Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA

    Minal Wable & Ömer Özgür Çapraz

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The manuscript was written through the contributions of all authors. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript. MW and BM contributed equally, and they can write their name as a first author, as they wish. MW and BM performed the preliminary experiments on Figs. 2d and 5, respectively. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Wable, M., Marckx, B. & Çapraz, Ö.Ö. The Linkage Between Electro-Chemical Mechanical Instabilities in Battery Materials. JOM 76, 1099–1109 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-06280-w

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