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Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites Based on Poly(2-chloroaniline)/Zinc Oxide Nanofiller for Antibacterial Studies Against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis

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Abstract

Antibacterial poly(2-chloroaniline)/zinc oxide nanocomposites (PoCA/ZnO NCs) were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of 2-chloroaniline in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The colloidal method was employed to synthesize the ZnO NPs and further used to prepare the PoCA/ZnO NCs. The average particle size of ZnO NPs was determined to be around 68 nm by X-ray diffractometer using Scherer’s equation. The weight percentage of ZnO NPs to PoCA was varied to prepare the PoCA/ZnO NCs of different percentages (1–5%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the structural aspects of PoCA/ZnO NCs, and scanning electron microscopic images showed the morphological features of nanocomposites. The optical properties were evaluated by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. The UV–visible absorption of PoCA/ZnO NCs enhanced linearly with the increase in weight percentage of ZnO NPs. Moreover, the effect of ZnO NPs weight percentage on the antibacterial efficacy of PoCA/ZnO NCs was also investigated by the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The bactericidal effect of PoCA/ZnO NCs was augmented with the increase in the weight percentage of ZnO NPs. The composites exhibited significant antibacterial inhibition zones against both gram-negative (5.1 mm) and gram-positive (5.0 mm) bacteria.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the institutions mentioned in affiliations for providing the facilities to conduct the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38030, Pakistan

    Mirza Nadeem Ahmad, Muhammad Fayyaz Farid & Muhammad Naveed Anjum

  2. University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Faisal Nawaz

  3. Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan

    Muhammad Abdul Qayyum

  4. School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Tajamal Hussain & Adnan Mujahid

  5. Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Khurram Shehzad

Authors
  1. Mirza Nadeem Ahmad
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  2. Muhammad Fayyaz Farid
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  3. Faisal Nawaz
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  4. Muhammad Naveed Anjum
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  5. Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception, design, analysis and writing. Materials preparation was performed by MNA, MFF, FN and MNA. MAQ, TH and AM executed the characterization and data analysis. The manuscript was reviewed by KS for evaluation and interpretation of data.

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Correspondence to Mirza Nadeem Ahmad.

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Ahmad, M.N., Farid, M.F., Nawaz, F. et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites Based on Poly(2-chloroaniline)/Zinc Oxide Nanofiller for Antibacterial Studies Against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. JOM 75, 5331–5340 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-06144-3

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