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Reduction Behavior of Ilmenite Mud Waste in Roasting and High-Temperature Smelting Process

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Abstract

Ilmenite mud generated in the sulfate process for titanium dioxide pigment production is a secondary titanium resource with a high content of silica, iron oxides, and sulfur. However, the ilmenite mud is mostly landfilled. We propose roasting and high-temperature smelting processes to investigate the reduction behavior of ilmenite mud waste. Sulfur is present in ilmenite mud in the form of sulfates, and is completely removed via roasting. The phases in the roasted ilmenite mud were titanium dioxide, pseudobrookite, and silica. The roasted ilmenite was smelted to recover iron, silicon, and titanium. All the iron oxides were reduced to metallic iron. As a result, the carbothermic reduction of titanium dioxide occurred, and titanium carbide was formed. Silica was first converted into mullite using alumina and then reduced to form liquid silicon, which was combined with metallic iron to form an iron-silicon alloy. After a reduction time of 60 min, most of the silica was converted into the iron-silicon alloy, and the alloy and titanium carbide were completely separated.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korean government (MOTIE) (20229A10100040, development of high technology materials processing from electronic wastes by utilizing natural resources).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34132, South Korea

    Kyungsob Choi

  2. Department of Disaster Management and Safety Engineering, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-Ro Goesan-Eup Goesan-Gun, Chungbuk, South Korea

    Jong Gwan Ahn

  3. Resources Recycling Research Center, Resources Utilization Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, 34132, South Korea

    Hyunsik Park

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  1. Kyungsob Choi
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  2. Jong Gwan Ahn
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Correspondence to Hyunsik Park.

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Choi, K., Ahn, J.G. & Park, H. Reduction Behavior of Ilmenite Mud Waste in Roasting and High-Temperature Smelting Process. JOM 75, 549–556 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05624-2

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