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Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured 17–4 Stainless Steel: Laser Powder Bed Fusion vs. Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition

  • Solid Freeform Fabrication 2021
  • Published:
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Abstract

This study aims to compare the microstructure of 17–4 PH stainless steel (SS) manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED) in non-heat treated (NHT) and heat treated conditions. In addition, the room-temperature tensile behavior of heat-treated L-PBF and LP-DED 17–4 PH SS has been investigated and compared with that of the wrought counterpart with the same heat treatment conditions. The results show that the L-PBF specimens have a finer microstructure (ferrite + lath martensite) than the LP-DED ones (massive ferrite + Widmanstätten ferrite) in NHT condition. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows that the L-PBF and LP-DED specimens have twin-based substructure lath martensite after heat treatment. Despite the lower tensile strength of the LP-DED specimens compared with the L-PBF ones, the ductility of peak-aged LP-DED specimens was reduced due to the presence of the δ-ferrite phase having a significant plastic deformation incompatibility with the martensite.

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taken from ASTM A69337

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Acknowledgements

This paper is based upon the work partially funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Award #80MSFC19C0010. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of NASA or the United States Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    P. D. Nezhadfar, Shuai Shao & Nima Shamsaei

  2. National Center for Additive Manufacturing Excellence (NCAME), Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    P. D. Nezhadfar, Shuai Shao & Nima Shamsaei

  3. Propulsion Department, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, 35812, USA

    Paul R. Gradl

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  1. P. D. Nezhadfar
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Correspondence to Nima Shamsaei.

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Nezhadfar, P.D., Gradl, P.R., Shao, S. et al. Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured 17–4 Stainless Steel: Laser Powder Bed Fusion vs. Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition. JOM 74, 1136–1148 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-05032-y

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