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New Nomenclatures for Heat Treatments of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloys

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Abstract

The heat-treatment designations and microstructure nomenclatures for many structural metallic alloys were established for traditional metals processing, such as casting, hot rolling or forging. These terms do not necessarily apply for additively manufactured (i.e., three-dimensionally printed or “3D printed”) metallic structures. The heat-treatment terminology for titanium alloys generally implies the heat-treatment temperatures and their sequence relative to a thermomechanical processing step (e.g., forging, rolling). These designations include: β-processing, α + β-processing, β-annealing, duplex annealing and mill annealing. Owing to the absence of a thermomechanical processing step, these traditional designations can pose a problem when titanium alloys are first produced via additive manufacturing, and then heat-treated. This communication proposes new nomenclatures for heat treatments of additively manufactured titanium alloys, and uses the distinct microstructural features to provide a correlation between traditional nomenclature and the proposed nomenclature.

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Acknowledgements

The authors have conducted this work under the DARPA Contract HR0011-12-C-0035 (“An Open Manufacturing Environment for Titanium Fabrication”). The views, opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Boeing Research and Technology, The Boeing Company, St. Louis, MO, 63134, USA

    Andrew H. Baker

  2. The Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Peter C. Collins

  3. Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA

    Peter C. Collins

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University (Emeritus), Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    James C. Williams

  5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas (Part Time), Denton, TX, 76207, USA

    James C. Williams

Authors
  1. Andrew H. Baker
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  2. Peter C. Collins
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  3. James C. Williams
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Correspondence to Peter C. Collins.

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Baker, A.H., Collins, P.C. & Williams, J.C. New Nomenclatures for Heat Treatments of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloys. JOM 69, 1221–1227 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2358-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2358-y

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